0. Warm-up Questions
In what ways can computer facilitate our language learning?
To what extent do you rely on computer in your English learning?
How to improve the output quality of machine translation?
English Linguistics: An Introduction
Chapter 10 Language and Computer
Chapter 10 Language and Computer
0. Warm-up Questions 1. Computational Linguistics 2. CALL 3. Machine Translation 4. Corpus Linguistics
2. CALL
2.1 CAI, CAL, CALL (p226)
➢ CAI: Computer-assisted Instruction ➢ CAL: Computer-assisted Learning ➢ CALL: Computer-assisted Language Learning
2.2 Phases of CALL
What is the impact of the Internet on machine translation?
1. Computational Linguistics
1.1 Definition (p226)
➢ A branch of applied linguistics, dealing with computer processing of human language.
➢ Davies & Higgins (1985): Gapmaster, Mazes, etc. ➢ Jones & Fortescue (1987): Matchmaster, Wordstore, etc. ➢ Higgins (1993): Customizing, Computer networks, etc
2.4 Advantages and Problems
➢ Advantages ✓ Motivation, adaptive, authenticity, critical thinking ➢ Problems (Limitations of the technology) ✓ ability (human-like interaction), availability (cost), etc.
3.4 Advantages and Problems
➢ Advantages: cost-effective, time-saving ➢ Problems: output quality hard to ensstics
4.1 Definition (p238)
1.2 Related subjects
➢ Programmed instruction 编序教学法、程式化教学 ➢ Speech synthesis 言语合成 ➢ Automatic recognition of human speech ➢ Automatic translation of natural languages ➢ Communication between people and computers ➢ Text processing, etc
4.2 Features of the corpus
➢ Representativeness ➢ Finite size ➢ Machine-readable form ➢ A standard reference
➢ Corpus: a collection of linguistic data, either compiled as written texts or as transcription of recorded speech.
➢ Corpus linguistics deals with the principles and practice of using corpora in language study.
3. Machine Translation
3.1 Introduction
➢ Definition: the use of machine (usually computers) to translate text (or speech) from one natural L to another.
➢ Behavioristic CALL: computer as tutor ➢ Communicative CALL: computer as stimulus ➢ Integrative CALL: multimedia and the Internet
2. CALL
2.3 Types of CALL programs
➢ Types: Unassisted MT and Assisted MT; T2T MT, S2S MT, S2T MT, T2S MT
3.2 History of development
➢ 1950s: independent work by MT researchers ➢ 1960s: hope for good quality ➢ Since 1970s: computer-based tools
3. Machine Translation
3.3 Research methods
➢ Rule-based: Transfer- & dictionary-based, interlingual ➢ Knowledge-based: semantic, pragmatic, real-world ➢ Corpus-based: statistical, example-based