高考英语概要写作方法Part I. 什么是摘要A summary is a short account giving the main points of something longer or detailed.概括部分包含几种能力。
第一要看清楚文章的结构，设法反映出原文中作者的观点。
第二要具有意义筛选的能力，学会区分事实和观点、重要和次要、普遍与特殊、相关与不相关、原因和结果等复杂的逻辑关系。
第三要有用英文解释英文的能力，用自己简单的语言解释比较复杂的语言文字，不能抄袭原文。
对于成绩较差的同学来说，可能对概括感到无从下手。
读写任务的写作内容一般分为两个部分，即写作内容 1 为概括短文要点，还有写作内容 2 则是就某个主题发表看法。
然而，绝大部分的考生会忽略了写作内容 2 对写作内容1的导航作用，而一头扎进了阅读材料直接去阅读文章得出要点。
事实上，所谓“读写任务”其实是“读”和“写”的有机结合，“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景，同样，“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。
故希望大家在概括文章时，可考虑命题人提供的写作内容 2 的导航作用，因为它能够帮助大家更快地提高捕捉文章要点的速度与准确性。
一、概括的标准：抛弃次要，瞄准写作目的。
标准的概括采用浮凸式的表达方式，第一句话是主题句，清楚明白地告诉了读者文章的写作目的，这句话的质量决定了概括的成败。
后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，凡是意义在主题之外的要毫不吝啬地予以删除。
二、概括的写作步骤：1.确定主题句。
确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首。
没有主题句的需要自己组合。
2.寻找关键词。
分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。
3.重构主题句。
概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。
可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。
4.重组支撑句。
支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。
口诀：简括为：缩长见短，省却细腻。
（括：概括性。
见：间接引语。
短：短的连词。
细腻：细节和例子）三、概括的形式：“主题句+支撑句” 即“主题+主题的什么”。
附：2007 年广东高考概括部分评分细则：1.完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改的，得0 分;2.机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得1分;3.稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语，宾语、原文词序的，得 2 分;4.创造性地抄，改主语，宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，最多得 3 分。
5.结构、用词，词性变化比较好的 4 至5分。
高考英语概要写作技巧Part II. 写概括的具体方法Ⅰ .The Steps of Writing a SummaryA.定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时;如果是现在的，那么基本时态用现在时;不过，模板的开头语一般为现在时如The passagetells us that - --.B.定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作。
( 特殊如书信的，可能会使用第一、二人称;)C.定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。
1)Use words of similar meanings 同义替换法I didn ' t catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient.I didn ' t catch any fish ____ I was not patient.2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence 正话反说法You will fail. = You will _____ .3)Change the part of speech 词性转换法Patience is very important. Patience is of _____________ .4)Change the structure of a sentence 句式变化法语态变换：Parents should give children more praise.→Children should _____ more praise.简单句变复合句：Children should be encouraged more. This will help them learnfaster.Children should be encouraged more, __ will help them learn faster..5)Use the shortest possible transitions 连词衔接法注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but, and, so, while, however, then, yet, for,therefore, thus, including, instead of 等。
We should encourage children. We should not scold them.We should encourage children _______ scolding.6）Change the order of the words. 词序改变法D.下列是常规的实用技巧。
Skill1: Omit （省略） the detailsSkill2: Omit the repetitionsSkill3: Omit the examplesSkill4: Use general（概括性） words instead of specific（具体的）words ）Skill5: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1）删除细节。
只保留主要观点。
2）避免重复。
在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。
但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。
应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
3）删除具体例子。
不过，阅读材料本身是由几个具体例子构成的，如阅读材料是谈西方种种节日的，如删除具体例子，则概括很难达到30 个词，那就选择一至两个例子（即一两个主要节日）。
注：原文中可能包括 5 个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
高一 1 胡圳杰）Original:Why do some animals die out?In the past two hundred years people have caused many kinds of animals to die out--to become extinct. People keep building houses and factories in fields and woods. As they spread over the land, they destroy animals' homes. If the animals can't find a place to live, they die out. Sixteen kinds of Hawaiian birds have become extinct for this reason. Other animals, such as the Florida Key deer, may soon die out because they are losing their homes. Hunters have caused some animals to become extinct, too. In the last century, hunters killed all the passenger pigeons in North America and most of the buffalos.Today they are fast killing off hawks and wolves. Pollution is killing many animals today, too. As rivers become polluted, fish are poisoned. Many die. Birds that eat the poisoned fish can't lay strong, healthy eggs. New birds aren' t animals have become extinct because of pollution. But some, such as the bald eagle and the brown pelican, have become rare and may die out.Scientists think that some animals become extinct because of changes in climate. The places where they live become hotter or cooler, drier or wetter. The food that they eat cannot grow there any more. If the animals can't learn to eat something else, they die. Dinosaurs may have died out for this reason.Summary:In the past two hundred years, many kinds of animals have died out. There are several reasons for it. First, people keep building houses and factories in fields and woods, which destroys animals' homes. Then, hunters' killing has also caused some animals to become extinct. Besides, some animals aren't able to bear strong offspring and nor do they have enough food to eat because of pollution and climatic changes.（高一 2 王楚涵）Writing 1 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。