不规则名词复数变化一、分类1.以f或fe结尾：大多数以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式时将其转为ves，但个别直接加s：* roof →roofs 屋顶* gulf →gulfs 海湾* grief →griefs 悲伤, 悲痛, 担心* cliff →cliffs 悬崖, 峭壁* beef →beefs 牛肉* chief →chiefs 首长, 首领* proof →proofs 证明* staff →staffs 全体职员2.元音：有些名称的复数形式是改变它们的元音声：* -man →-men 男……* -woman →-women 女……* fireman →firemen 消防员* foot →feet 脚* goose →geese 鹅* tooth →teeth 牙齿* mouse →mice 老鼠* louse →lice 虱子3.古代英语：有些是沿用古代英语：* child →children 小孩, 儿童* ox →oxen 牛, 阉牛4.以o结尾：➢有的以o结尾的单词加“s”：* auto →autos [美口] 汽车* kangaroo →kangaroos 袋鼠* kilo →kilos 千克, 公斤* memo →memos [口] 备忘录* photo →photos 照片* piano →pianos 钢琴* pimento →pimentos 多香果* pro →pros 赞成意见* con →cons 反对意见* solo →solos, soli 独唱, 独奏* soprano →sopranos 女高音* studio →studios 工作室* tattoo →tattoos 文身* video →videos 视频* zoo →zoos 动物园* bamboo →bamboos 竹子➢有的则加“es”：* echo →echoes 回声, 反响* embargo →embargoes 禁运, 禁运令* hero →heroes 英雄* potato →potatoes 土豆* tomato →tomatoes 番茄* torpedo →torpedoes 鱼雷, 水雷* veto →vetoes 否决, 否决权* negro →negroes 黑人➢有的两种都可以：* buffalo →buffalos / buffaloes / buffalo水牛* cargo →cargos / cargoes (船/飞机的)货物* halo →halos / haloes 光环* mosquito →mosquitos / mosquitoes 蚊子* motto →mottos / mottoes 箴言, 格言* no →nos / noes 没有* tornado →tornados / tornadoes龙卷风* volcano →volcanos / volcanoes 火山* zero →zeros / zeroes 零* commando →commands / commandoes突击员5.不变：有的则不变：* cod →cod 鳕鱼* deer →deer 鹿* fish →fish 鱼, 鱼类* offspring →offspring 子孙, 后裔, 幼崽* perch →perch 鲈鱼* sheep →sheep 绵羊* trout →trou 鲑鱼* bison →bison 野牛* moose →moose 驼鹿* aircraft →aircraft 飞机, 飞行器下面这些都是固有复数，即使单数也是像复数形式：* barracks →barracks 兵营* crossroads →crossroads 十字路口* dice →dice 骰子* gallows →gallows 绞刑架第1 页共4 页* headquarters →headquarters 总部* means →means 方法, 手段, 途径* series →series 系列* species →species 物种6.借用单词：英语中有些单词是借用其他语言的。

部分借用单词的复数跟随外语形式，下面每行的第二个单词都是外语形式，第三个为现时英语使用：➢以“a”结尾的转为“ae”：* alga →algae 水藻* amoeba →amoebae, amoebas变形虫* antenna →antennae, antennas 触角,天线* formula →formulae, formulas公式* larva →larvae (昆虫的)幼虫* nebula →nebulae, nebulas 星云* vertebra →vertebrae, vertebras脊椎骨* alumna →alumnae 女校友➢以“u”结尾的转为“ux”：* beau →beaux, beaus 情郎, 纨绔子弟* bureau →bureaux, bureaus 局, 机构* tableau →tableaux, tableaus 舞台造型, 场景* plateau →plateaux, plateaus 高原, 平顶➢以“us”结尾的转为“-ora”、“-era”（适用于专业术语）：* corpus →corpora 资料, 文集, 文献* genus →genera (动植物的)属, 类➢以“us”结尾的转为“i”：* alumnus →alumni 校友* bacillus →bacilli 杆菌* cactus →cacti, cactuses仙人球,仙人掌* focus →foci 焦点* fungus →fungi, funguses真菌* nucleus →nuclei 核心, 原子核* octopus →octopi, octopuses章鱼* radius →radii, radiuses 半径* stimulus →stimuli 刺激物, 促进因素* syllabus →syllabi, syllabuses大纲, 提纲* terminus →termini 终点, 目标, 界碑* hippopotamus→hippopotami 河马* genius →genii, geniuses 天才* abacus →abaci, abacuses算盘➢以“um”结尾的转为“a”：* addendum →addenda 附录, 补遗* bacterium →bacteria 细菌* curriculum →curricula, curriculums 总课程* datum →data 数据* erratum →errata 写错, 排错, 勘误* medium →media 媒体* memorandum →memoranda, memorandums 备忘* ovum →ova 卵子, 卵细胞* stratum →strata, stratums 岩层, 地层, 阶层* symposium →symposia, symposiums座谈会* agendum →agenda 议程* vacuum →vacua, vacuums 真空, 空虚, 空白* gymnasium →gymnasia 健身房, 体育馆* stadium →stadia, stadiums 体育场* forum →for a, forums 论坛* minimum →minima 最小量* ultimatum →ultimata, ultimatums 最后通牒➢以“ex”或“ix”结尾的转为“ices”：* apex →apices, apexes顶点* appendix →appendices, appendixes 附录* cervix →cervices, cervixes 宫颈* index →indices, indexes 目录, 索引* matrix →matrices, matrixes 模型, 矩阵* vortex →vortices, vortexes 漩涡➢以“is”结尾的转为“es”：* analysis →analyses 分析, 解析, 纲领* axis →axes 轴线, 中心线* basis →bases 基础, 底座, 基点* crisis →crises 危机, 危机时刻* diagnosis →diagnoses 诊断法, 诊断结论* emphasis →emphases 强调, 重点* hypothesis →hypotheses 假设, 猜想* neurosis →neuroses 神经机能病/官能症* oasis →oases 绿洲, 乐土* parenthesis →parentheses 插入语, 圆括号* synopsis →synopses 摘要, 大纲* thesis →theses 论文, 论题, 论点* ellipsis →ellipses [语]省略* synthesis →syntheses 综合, 合成第2 页共4 页➢以“on”结尾的转为“a”：* criterion →criteria (批评/判断的)标准* phenomenon →phenomena 现象, 征兆* automaton →automata 机器人, 机械手➢英语中沿用其他语言的规则：✧意大利语：“o”转为“i”* libretto →libretti (歌剧等的)剧本* tempo →tempi 拍子, 节奏, 速度* virtuoso →virtuosi, virtuosos 艺术家* concerto →concerti 协奏曲✧希伯来语：加“im”* cherub →cherubim 小天使* seraph →seraphim 六翼天使✧希腊语：加“ta”* schema →schemata 概要, 计划, 图表* stigma →stigmata 耻辱的标记, 瑕疵二、不规则名词复数列表（前面提到的除外）A * abacus →abaci, abacuses算盘* addendum →addenda 附录, 补遗* agendum →agenda 议程* aircraft →aircraft 飞机, 飞行器* alga →algae 水藻* alumna →alumnae [美]女校友* alumnus →alumni 校友* analysis →analyses 分析, 解析, 纲领* antenna →antennas, antennae 天线, 触角* apex →apices, apexes 顶点* appendix →appendices, appendixes 附录* automaton →automata 机器人, 机械手* axis →axes 轴线, 中心线B* bacillus →bacilli 杆菌* bacterium →bacteria 细菌* basis →bases 基础, 底座, 基点* beau →beaux, beaus 情郎, 纨绔子弟* beef →beefs 牛肉* bison →bison 野牛* brace →brace 支架, 背带, 花括号* sister-in-law →sisters-in-law 大小姨子, 大小姑子* buffalo →buffalos, buffaloes, buffalo水牛* bureau →bureaux, bureaus 局, 机构* bus →busses, buses 公共汽车C* cactus →cactuses, cacti 仙人球, 仙人掌* calf →calves 牛犊* cargo →cargos / cargoes (船/飞机的)货物* cervix →cervices, cervixes 宫颈* cherub →cherubim 小天使* chief →chiefs 首长, 首领* child →children 儿童, 小孩* Chinese →Chinese 中国* cliff →cliffs 悬崖, 峭壁* cod →cod * 鳕鱼* corps →corps 军队, 特种部队* corpus →corpora, corpuses资料,文集,文献* crisis →crises 危机, 危机时刻* criterion →criteria (批评/判断的)标准* curriculum →curricula, curriculums 总课程D * datum →data 数据* deer →deer 鹿* dice →dice 骰子* dwarf →dwarfs, dwarves小矮人* diagnosis →diagnoses 诊断法, 诊断结论E* echo →echoes 回声, 反响* elf →elves 小精灵* ellipsis →ellipses [语]省略* embargo →embargoes 禁运, 禁运令* emphasis →emphases 强调, 重点* erratum →errata 写错, 排错, 勘误F* fireman →firemen 消防员* fish →fish, fishes 鱼, 鱼类* focus →focuses 焦点* foot →feet 脚* formula →formulae, formulas公式, 方程式* forum →for a, forums 论坛* fungus →fungi, funguses真菌G* genus →genera (动植物的)属, 类* goose →geese 鹅* gallows →gallows 绞刑架* genius →genii, geniuses 天才* goosefoot →goosefoots 藜* grief →griefs 悲伤, 悲痛, 担心* gulf →gulfs 海湾第3 页共4 页* gymnasium →gymnasia 健身房, 体育馆H* half →halves 一半* halo →halos, haloes 光环* headquarters →headquarters 总部* hero →heroes 英雄* hippopotamus→hippopotami, hippopotamuses 河马* hoof →hoofs, hooves蹄* hypothesis →hypotheses 假说, 猜想I * index →indices, indexes 目录, 索引K* knife →knives 小刀L * larva →larvae (昆虫的)幼虫* leaf →leaves 树叶* libretto →libretti (歌剧等的)剧本* life →lives 生命* loaf →loaves 一块, 一条(面包等) * louse →lice 虱子* looker-on →lookers-on 围观者M* -man →-men 男人* man doctor →men doctors 男医生* manservant →menservants 男仆* man-time →men-times 人次* man-day →man-days 人日* matrix →matrices, matrixes 模型, 矩阵* means →means 方法, 手段, 途径* medium →media 媒质, 媒介* memorandum →memoranda, memorandums 备忘* millennium →millenniums, milennia* moose →moose 驼鹿* mosquito →mosquitoes, mosquitos蚊子* mouse →mice 老鼠N * nebula →nebulae, nebulas 星云* neurosis →neuroses 神经机能病/官能症* no →nos / noes 没有* nucleus →nuclei 核心, 原子核O * oasis →oases 绿洲, 乐土* octopus →octopi, octopuses 章鱼* offspring →offspring 子孙, 后裔, 幼崽* optimum →optima 有利条件* ovum →ova 卵子, 卵细胞* ox →oxen 牛, 阉牛P* paralysis →paralyses 麻痹, 瘫痪, 中风* parenthesis →parentheses 插入语, 圆括号* penny →pence 便士* perch →perch * 鲈鱼* person →people 人* phenomenon →phenomena 现象, 征兆R* radius →radii, radiuses半径S* scarf →scarfs, scarves 围巾, 披肩* schema →schemata 概要, 计划, 图表* seed →seed, seeds 种子* self →selves 自己* seraph →seraphim 六翼天使* series →series 系列* sheaf sheaves [量] 捆, 束, 扎* sheep →sheep 绵羊* shelf →shelves 架子, 搁板* shrimp →shrimp 虾, 小虾* scissors →scissors 剪刀* species →species 物种* stadium →stadia, stadiums 体育场* still life →still lifes 静物画* stimulus →stimuli 刺激物, 促进因素* stratum →strata, stratums 岩层, 地层, 阶层* Swiss →Swiss 瑞士人* syllabus →syllabi, syllabuses大纲, 提纲* symposium →symposia, symposiums座谈会* synthesis →syntheses 综合, 合成* synopsis →synopses 摘要, 大纲T* tableau →tableaux, tableaus 舞台造型, 场景* tempo →tempi 拍子, 节奏, 速度* terminus →termini 终点, 目标, 界碑* that →those 那个* thesis →theses 论文, 论题, 论点* thief →thieves 贼, 小偷* this →these 这个* tooth →teeth 牙齿* tornado tornados, tornadoes龙卷风* torpedo →torpedoes 鱼雷, 水雷* trout →trout * 鲑鱼* trousers →trousers 裤子V* vacuum →vacua, vacuums 真空, 空虚, 空白* vertebra →vertebrae, vertebras脊椎骨* veto →vetoes 否决, 否决权* virtuoso →virtuosi, virtuosos 艺术家* vita →vitae 个人简历, 生活* volcano →volcanos / volcanoes 火山* vortex →vortices, vortexes 漩涡第4 页共4 页。