英语目录第一部分考情考点透析 (4)第二部分学科知识必备 (7)模块一语言教学 (7)第一章语言的本质特征 (7)第二章语言的主要功能 (8)第三章语言学主要分支 (9)模块二教学论 (24)第一章外语常见教学法 (24)第二章语言知识教学 (28)第三章语言技能教学 (44)模块三教学设计 (57)模块四教学实施 (63)第一章提问与反馈 (63)第二章课堂纠错技巧 (64)第三章课堂管理 (66)模块五教学评价 (72)第一章对学生的评价 (72)第二章对课堂的评价 (74)第三章英语测试设计与评价 (77)第四章对教学情境的评价 (79)教师寄语综合历年真题来看，《英语学科知识与教学能力》科目第一题单项选择题，主要考查学生语言知识与能力，和语言教学知识与能力，通俗来讲就是语法词汇、语言学中有关教学的理论知识，以及教学理论知识。
第二题是阅读题，主要考查题材是人文类阅读，在阅读中渗透英语国家的语言文化。
第三题是简答题，主要针对教学理论来出题，重点掌握英语语言知识教学理论、英语语言技能教学理论、教学实施理论。
第四题是教学设计题，考查学生拿到一个材料如何去设计一堂课的能力，通过书面写出教学设计来考查学生对课堂教学的掌握情况。
第五题是教学情景分析题，这是一道综合分析题，出题比较灵活，会综合所有教学理论来考查，会考查老师对学生的评价，老师对一堂课或者一个教学片段的反思，或者对某个教学理论的应用等。
初中英语和高中英语大纲基本雷同，唯一区别就在于考试的难度不同，初中对于英语基础知识的考查相对容易，前十道是英语语法词汇及语言学，初高中差别在于难度不同，初中侧重语法题目，考查较多，且相对较容易，高中反之。
后十道选择题目是关于教学法部分，初高中题目相同。
阅读部分，初中考题相对篇幅较短，约400字；高中考题篇幅约为600词，题目难度相对较大。
其余关于教学理论的考查也就是简答、教学设计和教学情景分析题，高中的相对于初中考的更加深入，望广大考生注意。
2019.1.15第一部分考情考点透析一、考试形式教师资格考试分为笔试和面试两部分。
笔试采用计算机考试和纸笔考试两种方式。
2011年，除幼儿园、小学教师资格考试笔试科目一“综合素质”采用计算机考试外，其他科目一律采用纸笔考试，以后逐年增加机考科目。
计算机考试考生在计算机上作答，纸笔考试考生在答题卡上作答。
笔试各科考试成绩合格，才能参加面试。
面试采用结构化面试、情景模拟等方式进行，考生通过抽题、备课、试讲(说课)、答辩等环节，完成面试。
二、考试大纲具有良好的英语语言运用能力，包括用英语进行书面表达、获取教学资源和信息、表达思想情感和与学生良好沟通的能力；能够筛选并改编适合中学生英语水平的语言材料。
能够在语篇中理解英语国家的语言、历史和文学等相关的社会了解外语教学基本理论，理解语言观、语言学习观、语言教学观等对中学英语教学的指导作用。
掌握课堂管理的基本方法，熟悉课堂活动的常用组织形式，能在教学活动中以学生为中心组织教学，能在课堂教学的不同阶段发挥教师的作用。
掌握课堂总结的方法，能适时地对教学内容进行归纳、总结与评价，科学合理地布置作业。
掌握基本的现代教育技术，能够针对不同的教学内容与教学目标，整合多种资源，选择恰当的辅助教学手段进行有效教学。
三、试卷结构（一）单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分）1.传统选择题（20小题，共40分）（二）简答题（本大题1小题，20分）（三）教学情境分析题（本大题1小题，30分）（四）教学设计题（本大题1小题，40分）总分：150分合格分数线：全国统考分数线是70分。
根据历年真题，我们总结出对应题型所考查的知识如下：第二部分学科知识必备模块一语言教学第一章语言的本质特征一、Design Features1.Arbitrariness2.Duality3.Creativity4.Displacement5.Cultural transmission6.Interchangeability精讲精练nguage is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called _______.A.interchangeabilityB.productivityC.cultural transmissionD.arbitrariness2.The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet” well illustrates _______.A.the arbitrary nature of languageB.the creative nature of languageC.the universality of languageD.the big difference between human language and animal communication3.One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/ she has never heard before. This property of language is called ________.A.dualityB.productivityC.displacementD.arbitrarynguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by ________.A.dualityB.productivityC.displacementD.arbitrariness5._____is one of the design features of language meaning that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between language forms and their meanings or their referents.A.DualityB.ProductivityC.ArbitrarinessD.Displacement zhent6.That a Japanese child adopted at birth by an American couple will grow up speaking English indicates _____＿ of human language.A.dualityB.cultural transmissionC.arbitrarinessD.cognitive creativity7.__________makes it possible for language users to overcome the limitations of time and space in communication.A.ArbitrarinessB.DualityC.ProductivityD.Displacement参考答案：CABCC BD第二章语言的主要功能rmative function2.Interpersonal Function3.Performative Function4.Emotive Function5.Phatic Function6.Recreational Function7.Metalinguistic Function精讲精练1.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?” is _______.rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performativenguage is usually used to inform, but occasionally it can be used to “do something”. When it is used to “do things”, we know it conducts a ________ function.A.reformativeB.performativermativeD.formative3.The ________ function refers to language used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.A.phaticB.performativeC.directiveD.interrogativenguage is so crucial that can be used to change the audience's views or feelings for or against something. This is called a ________ function of language.A.reformativeB.performativeC.emotiveD.formative5.The language used to describe the language itself is called ______________.A.paralanguageB.special languageC.metalanguageD.interlanguage参考答案：BBACC第三章语言学主要分支一、PhoneticsArticulatory phonetics is concerned with how the sounds of language are physically produced by the vocal apparatus.Acoustic Phonetics: the study of the physical properties of speech sounds. It deals with the transmission of speech sounds through the air.Auditory Phonetics: it is concerned with the perception of speech sounds.二、元音和辅音的区别Distinction: the obstruction of airstream三、Classification of English Speech Sounds(一)Consonants1.按发音部位可以分为以下几种辅音：(1)Bilabial(2)Labiodental(3)Dental(4)Alveolar(5)Post alveolar(6) Palatal(7)Velar(8)Glottal2.按发音方式可以分为以下几种辅音：(1)Voicing(2)Nasality(3)Obstruency(二)VowelsVowel: If a sound is produced with no obstruction of airstream, then the sound is a vowel.Vowel sounds are differentiated by a number of factors: the position of the tongue in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the the vowels.精讲精练1. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: ______.A.voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricativeC. voiced, bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative2. Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phoneme [s]?A. voicelessB. oralC. alveolarD. lateral3. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in _________.A.the place of articulationB. the obstruction of airstreamC. the position of the tongueD. the shape of the lips4. The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in ______ and vocabulary.ageB. grammarC. pronunciationD. structure5. Which of the following description of the sound segments is NOT correct?A. [m] bilabial nasalB. [j] alveolar approximantC. [h] glottal fricativeD. [l] alveolar lateral6.Which of the following sounds does ”lateral ” refer to?A. /w/B. /l/C. /j/D. /h/7. The vowel／u：／in／fu：d／(food)is a __________ vowel．A. backB. frontC. unroundedD. central8. Articulatory phonetics mainly studies _________.A. the physical properties of the sounds produced in speechB. the perception of soundsC. the production of soundsD. the combination of sounds9. _____is NOT included in the factors used in analyzing vowels.A.Position of the tongueB. Shape of lipsC. Openness of the mouthD. Openness of the vocal cords10. Which of the following consonants doesn’t fall under the same category according to the voicing?A.︱m︱B.︱b︱C.︱d︱D.︱p︱11. Which of the following correctly describes the English phoneme/θ/?A. A voiceless dental fricative.B. A voiceless alveolar fricative.C. A voiceless dental plosive.D. A voiceless alveolar plosive.12. /s/ and/θ/ can be distinguished by____________.A. manner of articulationB. place of articulationC. vibration of the vocal cordsD. aspiration of articulation13. The pair of English phonemes ______ differ in the place of articulation.A. /ʃ/ and /ʒ/B. /θ/ and /ð/C. /d/ and /z/D. /m/ and /n/14. In terms of the place of articulation, [t][d][z][s][n]are all ___________.A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental参考答案：BDBCD BACDD ABDB二、Phonology（一）PhonemesPhoneme: the basic unit of study of phonology, which may be defined as sets of phones which function as one unit in a language, and provide contrast between different words. In other words, a phoneme is a category that speakers of a language put certain sounds into.E.g. [i:]－[i]: beat－bit bead－bid（二）AllophonyTwo phones are called allophones if they belong to the same phoneme.（三）Minimal pairsA minimal pair is a pair of words which differ only in one segment.（四）Complementary DistributionThe allophones are said to be in complementary distribution.(五) Phonemic ContrastIf two phonetically similar sounds are two distinctive phonemes, they are said to form a phonemic contrast. For example, /p/ and /b/ in /pit/ and /bit/.（六）Syllable（七）Stress1. Word stressone word, one stress; the stress is always on a vowel.2. Sentence stressContent words are the key words of a sentence. They are the important words that carry the meaning or sense. They are usually stressed. Structure words are small, simple words that make the sentence correct grammatically. They give the sentence its correct form or “structure”. So they are not stressed.（八）AssimilationAssimilation, a process by which one sound takes on some or all the characteristics of a neighboring sound.（九）Some Rules in PhonologySequential RulesIf three consonants should cluster together at the beginning of a word, the combination should obey the following three rules, e.g. spring, strict, square(1) The first phoneme must be /s/(2) The second phoneme must be /p/ or /t/ or /k/(3) The third phoneme must be /l/ or /r/ or /w/.（十）RhymeAssonance/half rhyme：occurs when two or more words, close to one another repeat the same vowel sound, but start with different consonant sounds.如like/right; faze/late.End rhyme：occurs when the last syllables or words in two or more lines rhyme with each other.eg: White had a flight in the middle of the night.Alliteration/initial rhyme/head rhyme:a number of words, having the same first consonantsound.Eg:first and foremostreverse rhyme：stressed syllables sharing the vowel and initial consonant. E.G. great/grazed; student/studio;精讲精练1. Which studies the sound systems in a certain language?A.PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. SemanticsD. Pragmatics2. Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A.mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords3. Which is an indispensable part of a syllable?A.CodaB. OnsetC. StemD. Peak4. Minimal pairs are used to_________.A.find the distinctive features of a languageB. find the phonemes of a languageC. compare two wordsD. find the allophones of language5. _______ refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound.A.Addition of soundB. Loss of soundC. MetathesisD. AssimilationWhich of the following has the proper word stress?A. ScientificB. scientificC. scientificD. scientiFic7. Which one below has the proper word stress?A. phoTographicB. photographicC. photograPhicD. Photographic8. Sip and zip, tip and dip, map and nap are all ________.A. minimal pairsB. diphthongsC. allophonesD. phonemes9.Which of the following consonant clusters may not serve as the beginning of a word?A ./spr/ B./skw/C./str/D./swt/10. In English, the aspirated [ph] and the unaspirated [p] are____________.A. minimal pairsB. in phonemic contrastC. two distinctive phonemesD. in complementary distribution11. There are ＿ consonant clusters in the sentence “Brian, I appreciate beautiful scarf you brought me.”A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five12. Which of the following shows the correct sentence stress in normal cases?A. His ʹbrother is my ʹbest friend.B. They ʹhelp one ʹanother in their work.C. They have ʹbeen in the ʹcountryside recently.D. She ʹthought herself ʹbetter ʹthan ʹanyone else.13. To distinguish sounds, students are encouraged to practice ____.A. minimal pairsB. nasal explosionC. consonant dustersD. incomplete explosion14. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the __________ of that phoneme．A. minimalB. allomorphC. phonesD. allophones15.Which of the following has the proper word stress?A. ScientificB. scientificC. scientificD. scientiFic16. ______ is the main rhyming pattern in the sentence"Alice´s aunt ate apples and acorns around August. "A. Reverse rhymeB. End rhymeC. AssonanceD. Alliteration参考答案：BCDBD BBADD DAADB D三、Morphology1. MorphemesA morpheme is roughly defined as the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning.2. Free morpheme and bound morphemeFree morpheme：Those morphemes which may occur alonebound morpheme：They must appear with at least another morpheme, and are called bound morphemes.3. Inflectional affix and derivational affixInflection/inflexion: the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes.Derivation: the manifestation of relation between stems and affixes through the addition of derivational affixes. Different from compounds, derivation shows the relation between roots and affixes.4. stem and rootA stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added.A root is a word that does not have a prefix (in front of the word) or a suffix (at the end of a word).free root =free morpheme: workable, workerbound root =bound morpheme: theory, theoretical——theor-精讲精练1. Which of the following words contains bound morpheme?close B. glass C. loss D. disclose2. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a（n）_____.A.bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme3. Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only?A.happinessB. televisionC. ecologyD. teacher4. How many morphemes does the word “impossible” consist of?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four5. How many morphemes does the word“telecommunication” contain?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 46. Which of the following words contains an inflectional morpheme?A. DisappearB. BlackenC. OxenD. Anti-pollution7. The word chronology contains ____morphemes.A.4B. 3C. 2D. 5参考答案：DDCCC CCD四、Semantics1. Sense relationsa. Synonymy(1) Dialectal synonymse.g. flat / apartment autumn / fall(2) Stylistic synonymse.g. buy / purchase begin / commence(3) Collocational synonymse.g. provide sth. for sb. / supply sth. to sb.b. AntonymyA. Gradable antonymye.g. good / badhot / coldB. Complementary antonymye.g. alive/dead, male/femaleC. Converse antonymybuy, sell, lend, borrowc. Hyponymye.g. cow/ animal, rose/ flowerA. Superordinatethe upper term in hyponymy, i.e. the class name.B. Hyponymsthe lower terms in hyponymy2. Sense relationsEntail and Presuppose(1)EntailA sentence (meaning) A entailsB (A ||- B) if whenever A is true, then B must also be true. It is a semantic relation.Mary broke the window ||- The window broke(2) PresupposeA speaker of any of the sentences below would be presupposing that there is a king of France.a. The king of France is bald.b. The king of France is not bald.c. Is the king of France bald?d. The king of France might be bald/Possibly the king of France is bald.e. If the king of France is bald, he should wear a hat in the winter.精讲精练1. The lexical relation between damp and moist is _____.A.synonymyB. antonymyC. hyponymyD. homonymy2. In the synonymy of sense relationship, the words flat and apartment is a pair of _____.A.dialectal synonymsB. stylistic synonymsC. collocational synonymsD. semantically different synonyms3. Which of the following pairs of words belongs to the gradable antonyms?A.male vs. femaleB. parent vs. childC. hot vs. coldD. employer vs. employee4. “Can I borrow your bike?” _____ “You have a bike.”A.is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes5. The sense relation of the following pair of sentences (see X and Y) is _____.X. Mary has been to JapanY. Mary has been to AsiaA.X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is inconsistent with YD. X is synonymous with Y6. The question “How fast did he drive when he ran the red light?” _____ “He ran the red light”.A.presupposesB. entailsC. contradictsD. includes7. Which of the following is an entailment of the utterance “Annie broke the window”?A. Annie was careless.B. Annie was disruptive.C. Annie did something to the window.D. It is Annie who broke the window.8. The synonymous pair “__________” differ in degree of formality.A.pass away and pop offB. accuse and chargeC. prison and jailD. tap and faucet9. The sense relation of the following pair of sentences is that____________.X: Mary's pet cat was stolen.Y: Marry has a pet cat.A.X entails YB. X presupposes YC. X is inconsistent with Y D．X is synonymous with Y参考答案：AACDA ACAB五、Pragmatics1. Speech act theory(1) locutionary actThe act of uttering words, phrases, clauses.(2) illocutionary actThe act of expressing the speaker's intention(3) perlocutionary actThe act performed by or resulting from saying something; it's the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance2. Searle’s Classification of Speech Actsqueen is Elizabeth.trying to get the hearer to do表达言者使听话人做某I order you to leave rightnow.Your money or your life?Committing the speaker himself to some future course of action 是言者对未来某一活动做出承诺I promise to come.I will bring you the book tomorrow without fail.Direct speech act: Whenever there is a direct relationship between a structure and a function,we have a direct speech act.Indirect speech act: one illocutionary act is porformed indirectly by way of performing another.a. Can you close the door?b. Will you close the door?c. Could you close the door?d. Would you close the door?e. Can’t you close the door?f. Won’t you close the door?4. The theory of conversational implicature(1) Conversational implicatureIt means the extra meaning not contained in the literal utterances, understandable to the listener only when he shares the speaker's knowledge or knows why and how he violates intentionally one of the four maxims of the cooperative principle.(2) The cooperative principleIt was proposed and formulated by P. Grice, a pragmatic hypothesis, is about that the participants must first of all be willing to cooperate; otherwise, it would not be possible for them to carry on the talk. This principle is known as the COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE, or CP for short. To specify the CP further, Grice introduced four categories of maxims (conversational maxims): the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation, the maxim of manner1) The maxim of quality2) The maxim of quantity3) The maxim of relation4) The maxim of manner5.Violation of four maxims(1) Violation of qualityE.g. Paul is made of iron. (metaphor)(2) Violation of quantitytautologyE.g. War is war. [War is cruel.]Bob is really very mischievous.Children are children.(3) Violation of relationE.g. —How do you like my painting?—I don't have an eye for beauty, I'm afraid. [I don't like it at all](4) Violation of mannerE.g. —Where is your mother?—She's either in the house or at the market. [I don't know exactly where she is.]6. Chracteristics of implicature1) Calculability2).Cancellability / defeasibility3)Non-detachability4)Non-conventionality5)Indeterminacy8.Rhetoric devices1) A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things.Unlike a metaphor, a simile draws resemblance with the help of the words “like” or“as. ”Therefore, it is a direct comparison.E. g. Our soldiers are as brave as lions.2) Metaphor is a figure of speech that makes an implicit, implied, or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated,but which share some common characteristics.E. g. Her voice is music to his ears.3) Synecdoche is a literary device in which a part of something represents the whole, or it may use a whole to represent a part.Eg: Many hands make light work.4) Oxymoron is a figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect.Eg: Open secret sweet sorrow精讲精练1. What maxim is violated in the sentence every nice girl loves a sailor.A.The maxim of quantityB. The maxim of qualityC. The maxim of relationD. The maxim of manner2. What maxim is violated in the following example:---A: What do you think of Mary?---B: She is beautiful and kind. She loves Tom very much.A.The maxim of quantityB. The maxim of qualityC. The maxim of relationD. The maxim of manner3. In most circumstances, the assumption of cooperation is so pervasive that it can be stated as a cooperative principle of conversation and elaborated in maxims below except _____.A.manner maximB. quality maximC. quantity maximD. agreement maxim4. What maxim is flouted in such extreme example of tautologies as “Boys are boys”, and “Lies are lies”?A.The maxim of quantityB. The maxim of qualityC. The maxim of relevanceD. The maxim of manner5. When any of the maxims under the Cooperative Principle is flouted on purpose,（）might arise.A. ambiguous structureB. contradictory propositionC. mutual understandingD. conversational implicature6. The conversational implicature of “John is a machine” as a response to “what do you think of John”is context-bound. It possesses all the following distinguishing properties but _____.A. non-detachabilityB. calculabilityC. conventionalityD. defeasibility7. The following conversation clearly violates the____.A: How do you finally go to school?B: The bus is so fast so I got to school very early.A Maxim of QuantityB Maxim of RelationC Maxim of QualityD Maxim of Manner8. When saying “It’s noisy outside” to get someone to close the window, the speaker intends to perform a(n) ＿______.A.direct speech actB. locutionary actC. indirect speech actD. perlocutionary act9. When using the imperative “Turn it off” to give an order, the speaker highlights the＿＿＿＿of the utterance.A.locutionary actB. illocutionary actC. perlocutionary actD. indirect speech act10. In ordinary conversations, participants are expected, first of all, to _____, otherwise, communication would break down.A.stand straightB. coordinateC.speak the truthD. cooperate11.What rhetoric device is used in the sentence "Many hands make light work"?A. Synecdoche.B. Simile.C. Metaphor.D. Oxymoron.参考答案：BADAD CBCBD A模块二教学论第一章外语常见教学法本章难点在于理解语音、词汇、语法、篇章的教学内容和方法，尤其是方法尤为重要，这一章会考到单选、简答题甚至情景分析题目，望引起广大考生的注意。