阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。
一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要并且有相互联系的因素。
阅读的方法先找到中心，再带着问题去读文章不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧1.记叙文2.说明文3.应用文记叙文：传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。
故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。
说明文：说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。
把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。
说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。
议论文：主要体现人类的理性思考，它靠逻辑推理和分析论证，以理服人。
即在文章中说服别人同意你的观点，乐于接受你的观点。
这就是议论文的主要特点。
因此，论点、论据、论证就构成了议论文的三个必备的要素1234主旨大意细节理解推理判断猜测词义阅读技巧一猜测词义题：单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，历年高考都把这一项作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题，考查对文中关键词语（实词、短语、指代关系等）的理解。
而且，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。
常见问题形式有1) According to the author, the word “…”means_______.2)The word “…”most likely means_______.3)The word “…”in Line ...probably means4)By the word “…”, the author means_______.5)In Line ... , the word “…”refers to_______.6)Which of the following is nearest /closest inmeaning to“…”?7) In Line …, the word “…”could best bereplaced by which of the following?规律方法:在通读过程碰到生词时不要着急，耐心地读下去，文章会帮助你猜出生词词义。
此外，我们也可以通过构词法知识分析生词词义，或通过上下文,同义词，反义词，生活常识等猜测，尤其是本句话以及前后两句话，给生词假设意思，看是否读的通。
还可以联想，即回想已知词汇中是否存在拼写方法与该生词类似的词。
【例1】All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key.A. 成功的B. 徒劳的C.有效的D. 匆促的2】The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由means, is, or，that is (to say), in other words，be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示3】Children often try to imitate or copy the behavior that they see on television.4）Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences--but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete．【例6】With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.unconditional: 无条件的，绝对的nonjudgmental:没有判断力的6.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等二主旨大意题：这类试题要求对文章的整体或局部（如段落）进行分析、概括，归纳相关部分的中心大意(Main idea)，选择标题（title），判断作者的写作目的（purpose）等，旨在考查考生加工与浓缩信息的能力。
这一项考查的是文章的灵魂与中心。
记叙文、议论文常考文章的主旨大意。
一般主旨大意常出现在文章的开头，有时也出现在结尾。
当然更重要的是从全文去把握。
但归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误，需要同学们注意。
1．以偏概全。
即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。
2．过于笼统。
即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。
3．把观点强加给作者。
读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。
1）主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。
Example 1People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph?A. Some people like steak and others red meat.B. Vegetables are very healthy for you.C. How food is prepared has a lot to do with how well a person may like it.D. Different people have different tastes in food.(2)主题句也会出现在段尾作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。
Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.(3)在短文中间主题句也可以安排在段中间, 此时前面只提出问题，文中的主题由其后陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 然后再作进一步的解释, 支持或发展.Example 3Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark nightif a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to achild who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modernflashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.常见问题形式有：(1) It can be inferred from the text that ___. •(2) From the text we know that ______.•(3) The story implies that ______.•(4) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ______.•(5) The writers attitude toward…is ______.三、推理判断题：•技巧：找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。
•注意不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点•解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。
One day a man walked a pet shop and said to theshop assistant，“I need two small mice and aboutfive dozen roaches（蟑螂）and two spiders（蜘蛛）.”“What do you need these things for?”the shopassistant was very surprised.“Well，”replied the man，“I’m moving out of myapartment and the landlord insists that I should leavethe house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”•Q：The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment，it was ______.• A. very clean• B. just cleaned by the landlord• C. tidy and comfortable• D. dirty and full of insects其他类型题目：五理解作者的观点和态度题：既考查学生对字面意思的理解，也考查学生对作者写作目的、态度、观点等的理解。