第三章现象解释型一、体裁介绍现象解释型作文命题要明确描述社会生活中存在的一种现象，要求考生说明该现象反映的社会问题，解释该现象存在或发生的原因。
审题思路考生拿到作文题后首先应确立写作主题、写作结构以及材料选择与组织。
对于此类作文，我们可以分为三部分：第一部分描述现象，引起话题；第二部分对现象进行细致的分析，解释现象发生或变化的原因；第三部分针对现象做出评论，表明自己的态度、观点或做法以及如何在日常生活中有效地发扬该现象的优势或消除这种现象不利的方面。
我们可以把图表说明型作文看作现象解释型作文的变体。
在图表说明型作文中，题目提供一些图表信息用来显示某一现象、情况的变化或者发展趋势，要求考生对变化进行描述，说明变化的原因，阐述个人看法。
对于图表说明型作文，我们也可根据命题要求将文章分为三部分：第一部分描述图表中数据的主要趋势，对数据进行分析比较，总结归纳图表内容所呈现的主要特征；第二部分对现象和变化进行细致的分析，解释现象发生或变化的原因；第三部分针对现象和变化做出结论。
二、真题分析Example 1Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline（given in Chinese) below：1. 目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake commodities)；2. 为什么会有这种现象?3. 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。
（1998年1月）1. 审题列纲本文为现象解释型命题作文，可根据提纲要求将文章分为三段：第一段指出现象：社会上有不少假冒伪劣产品；第二段详细分析该现象产生的原因，为什么社会上会出现伪劣产品？该段第一句承上启下，说明该现象有几个方面的原因，紧接着后几句分别说明这几方面的原因；最后一段说明伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害，明确指出：必须坚决打击假冒伪劣产品。
2. 写作思路主题分析假冒伪劣商品的危害。
开头段指出现象：社会上有不少假冒伪劣产品。
中心段说明现象存在的原因。
假冒伪劣商品可以为生产商带来巨大的利润。
市场监管力度不够。
购买到假冒伪劣商品的消费者很难从有关部门获得帮助。
结论段伪劣商品危害消费者个人和社会等，必须坚决打击假冒伪劣产品。
假冒伪劣商品给消费者造成巨大的损失。
假冒伪劣商品危害人们的健康，甚至是生命。
必须采取措施打击假冒伪劣商品，这样才能生活得更好。
范文Harmfulness of Fake CommoditiesNowadays，there is an increasingly serious social problem of fake commodities. It is common that all kinds of fake commodities are sold in the market. And the question occurs to our minds: What leads to the existence of fake commodities?According to a survey，there are a couple of reasons caused fake commodities. First of all，fake commodities may bring about massive profits for producers. What’s more，our market supervision is still not powerful enough. Last but not least，consumers who bought fake commodities may find it difficult to ask the authority concerned for help.As a matter of fact，fake commodities do great harm to people. For one thing，fake commodities cause great losses to consumers. For another，fake commodities may harm people’s health，sometimes even lives. Therefore，we should take dozens of measures to prevent fake commodities from bringing us more harm. Only when fake commodities disappear can we live a better life.Example 2Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words，and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below:1. 上图所示为1990年、1995年、2002年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化；2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。
(2002年6月真题)1. 审题列纲本题为图表型作文，考生可以根据给出的提纲，描述图表的内容，分析其中的原因，提出自己的观点。
文章可以从三个方面展开：第一段提出问题，描述图表中的现象；第二段分析原因，综述结果；第三段陈述自己的观点，得出结论。
2. 写作思路主题分析学生使用电脑的情况。
开头段整体描述图表中所体现的现象，提出问题。
中心段分析出现这种现象的原因。
电脑可以被广泛应用到学习当中。
电脑的价格大幅下降。
使用电脑的收费降低。
结论段存在的问题是：大多数学生没有充分利用电脑。
电脑经常被当作打字机使用。
有些学生把电脑应用到有限的范围之内。
Student Use of ComputersRecently，there has been a tremendous growth in the student use of computers since 1990.What amazes us most is that the average hours a student spend using computers grow up to 14 hours per week in 2000. It is true that college students are spending more hours using computers today.There are many reasons explaining this growth. The main reason is that computers can be widely used in study. What is more，computer prices decrease greatly. Thirdly，charges for using PC have dropped. As a result，more college students can afford computers for daily use.Considering all these，I believe that many students don’t make full use of computers. For one thing，the computer is often used as a typewriter on campus. For another，some students use computers only in a small field. In conclusion，we should try to help students make better use of computers.一、真题练Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: The Two day Weekend. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline（given in Chinese) below.（1996年1月）1. 双休日给大学生带来的好处；2. 双休日可能给大学生带来的问题；3. 我应当怎样过好双休日。
二、模拟练Task 1Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Cheating in Examinations. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline（given in English) below.1. Cheating in examinations is becoming a serious problem on many colleges and universities.2. Many discussions have been held to analyze the causes of the problem.3. Cheating in examinations has very bad effects.Task 2Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on Changes in Educational Enrollment in China of 1996 and 2001，which is based on the information in the chart below. Compare the figures of 1996 and 2001. Give possible explanations. Your composition should be in three paragraphs and be no less than 120 words.Task 3Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on Income Sources of College Students based on the information in the chart below. Your composition should be no less than 120 words.名师解惑一、真题练1. 审题思路本文要求针对双休日这种现象，分析其所带来的利弊，并以此为基础，提出个人观点。