Unit 11. Fuel scarcities and price increases ____ automobile designers to develop completely new lines of small cars and trucks.A) prompted B) persuadedC) imposed D) enlightened2. As he was the only person who has the key, Simon felt himself ____ suspicion.A) under B) inC) beyond D) upon3. It was such a grand view that it ____ strong emotion in us sight-seers.A) roused B) roseC) arose D) aroused4. It was ____ of you not to play the piano while I was having a sleep.A) considerate B) carefulC) considering D) considerable5. Some of the old ____ about the space age are coming true.A) fantasies B) delusionsC) nightmares D) impressions6. A lot of old buildings in the town were ruined during the earthquake, but they were beautifully ____soon by the local people.A) recovered B) restoredC) resumed D) returned7. Reading ____ the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what weread ours.A) rectifies B) prolongsC) minimizes D) furnishes8. While the development of the suburbs has created problems, it has also provided ____modern housing for millions of people.A) excessive B) immense C) memorable D) substantial9. She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would ____ her long effort.A) justify B) testify C) rectify D) verify10. Hunger could be his only for killing a living thing.A) sensation B) cause C) purpose D) motive11. I will ____ my lawyer to write out the agreement.A) inform B) notify C) announce D) report12. A benefit performance is a performance for which a charitable organization has bought out at adiscounted price and ___ funds by selling tickets at a full price.A) furnishes B) raises C) accumulates D) contributes13. Although these people knew that their boss was in a difficult situation, they were still____ him.A) sticking to B) sticking with C) sticking on D) sticking by14. The secret agent concealed his real mission, so many local people were____ into thinking thathe was a good person.A) betrayed B) driven C) deceived D) convinced15. The coming of the railways in the 1830s ____ our society and economy.A) transferred B) transformedC) transmitted D) transported16. One day, you will have to ____ this foolish behavior.A) pay B) pay for C) pay back D) pay off17. The French pianist who had been praised very highly ____ to be a great disappointment.A) turned up B) turned outC) turned in D) turned down18. He has never done this type of work before; I am not sure how he will fit _____ with it.A) in B) on C) into D) up19. She cut her hair short and tried to ______ herself as a man.A) decorate B) disguise C) fabricate D) fake20. Your advice would be ___ valuable to him, who is at present at his wits’ end.A) exceedingly B) excessivelyC) extensively D) exclusively21. At first, the speaker was referring to the problem ofpollution in the country, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly ___ to another subject.A) committed B) switchedC) favored D) transmitted22. On hearing the bad news, she sprang up ______.A) for a start B) with a startC) at the start D) from the start23. Wouldn’t it be wise to _____ the possibility of rain before planning the garden party?A) check in B) check throughC) check out D) check on24. It was such a solemn occasion that not even a child ____ a sound.A) delivered B) uttered C) voiced D) spoke25. My father seemed to be in no ____ to look at my school report.A) emotion B) mood C) attitude D) feeling26. His face ____ with pain when badly hurt by the shopkeeper.A) contracted B) was twistedC) was twinkled D) twisted27. The naughty boy ____ in his shoes when he saw the cane in his father’s hand.A) shivered B) trembledC) frightened D) feared28. The students couldn’t _____ what the teacher was trying to explain.A) grip B) seizeC) grasp D) snatch29. The older New England villages have changed relatively little ____ a gas station or two inrecent decades.A) except for B) in addition toC) except D) besides30. Having come from a ____ society, Dick found it hard to adjust to a small town.A) abundant B) wealthyC) sufficient D) largeUnit 31. You must take the _____ steps by yourself; after you have begun, I will help you.A) primitive B) preliminaryC) primary D) practicable2. How can you best ______ in your students the speech habits of the English language?A) civilize B) cultivateC) evolve D) train3. After three hours of heated debate, the _____ bill was passed by a narrow majority .A) virtual B) universalC) controversial D) substantial4. Richard’s news report covering the conference was so _____ that nothing had been omitted.A) comprehensive B) integratedC) redundant D) productive5. Shaking hands when people meet each other for the first time is practiced as a _____ way of greeting.A) conventional B) conservativeC) constant D) convenient6. If you _____ a magnet-needle, its two ends can point North and South, and so it can be used to determine directions.A) overtake B) fixC) highlight D) suspend7. I am afraid that you have to alter your _____ views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived.A) indifferent B) distressingC) optimistic D) pessimistic8. Stamping on any country’s national flag is an _____ to its people.A) inflation B) ingredientC) insult D) invasion9. When he was a young boy, a serious disease deprived him of the _____ of hearing.A) organ B) possessionC) conduct D) faculty10. If you _____ bright sunlight _____ dry wood with a glass, it will start burning.A) expose … to B) concentrate … onC) aim … at D) focus … on11. The manufacturers refused to take all _____ for damage caused by misuse.A) duty B) responsibilityC) obligation D) share12. The noise was so faint that you had to ______ your ears to hear it.A) stir B) strengthenC) strain D) stride13. We’ve done our ______ to make the process as simple as possible.A) terminal B) utmost C) extreme D) supreme14. What he said was too ______ for me to understand.A) compound B) complexC) comprehensive D) conventional15. Their products are frequently overpriced and ____ in quality.A) influential B) inferior C) superior D) subordinate16. The old buildings blend with the new ones in perfect _____ so a walk along Nanking Road isan enjoyable discovery.A) control B) order C) harmony D) action17. One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a _____ operation, he quickly recovered his sight.A) delicate B) considerate C) precise D) sensitive18. If your baby is losing weight, you should _____ your doctor promptly.A) advocate B) consult C) enquire D) investigate19. I have worked on three _____ Saturdays.A) continuous B) consistent C) successive D) regular20. With the introduction of _____ technology, information flows faster than it ever did.A) involved B) complicated C) sophisticated D) complex21. The rest of the family had nearly reached the river, but Jane was _____ behind as usual.A) declining B) delaying C) lacking D) lagging22. It will be safer to walk on the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts ofcash; virtually all financial _____ will be conducted by computer.A) transformations B) transmissionsC) transitions D) transactions23. While both plans were perfectly sensible, only one seemed _____ in China’s particularsituation.A) useful B) availableC) feasible D) desirable24. Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around $110 billion, _____ the $160 billion thePresident is struggling to get through the Congress.A) in proportion to B) in reply toC) in relation to D) in contrast to25. We _____ the cook because her cooking was so poor.A) dismissed B) desertedC) resigned D) withdrew26. Dogs are often praised for their ______; they almost never abandon their masters.A) faith B) loyalty C) trust D) truthfulness27. Most parents encourage their children to take an active part in social events, _____ thoseevents do not interfere with their studies.A) lest B) though C) unless D) provided28. We must _____ these trash ideas.A) discard B) dispose C) discharge D) dismiss29. She can run 100 meters in 13 seconds without _____ herself.A) executing B) inserting C) exerting D) devoting30. Our holiday plans _____ because of transport strikes.A) fell out B) fell throughC) fell over D) fell behindUnit 61. Since many insects have already become ____ to DDT, scientists have to look for some newinsecticide.A) active B) resistant C) tough D) gradual2. It is a type of desert bush that can ____ extremes of temperature.A) adapt B) withdrawC) withstand D) shade3. If a man is easily taken in by emotional traps, he will not be able to make ____ judgments.A) sensitive B) sentimentalC) sensible D) sensational4. Whenever he writes to his parents, he ____ a cheque with his letter.A) encloses B) containsC) reserves D) invests5. You should save your work often as a ____ against computer failure.A) sanction B) precautionC) shield D) shelter6. It took millions of years for order to grow out of the ____ of the universe.A) adjustment B) changeC) chaos D) profile7. According to the weather ____, it’s going to be fine today.A) prediction B) indicationC) provision D) forecast8. Accidents are of frequent ____ on this motorway because the traffic is extremely heavy here.A) arrival B) proportionC) scale D) occurrence9. Her pulse was so weak that the doctor had difficulty ____ it.A) inspecting B) detectingC) touching D) contacting10. There is need to check the ____ of the report.A) frequency B) accuracyC) emergency D) efficiency11. The old man did not seem to attach any importance ____ the question.A) to B) with C) towards D) for12. As the plane was getting ready to take off, we all ____ our seat belts.A) tied B) locked C) fastened D) closed13. Professor Collins was ____ of the latest developments in physics because he had been inhospital for several months.A) unconscious B) negate C) robbed D) ignorant14. It has been revealed that some government leaders ____ their authority and position to getillegal profits for themselves.A) employ B) take C) abuse D) overlook15. Fertilizer will ____ the growth of these tomato plants.A) accomplish B) accelerateC) accumulate D) account16. Years of ____ labor had hardened his muscles.A) survival B) mental C) restless D) manual17. Very few plants will ____ without water.A) flourish B) fade C) stem D) cultivate18. We rarely perceive more than a minute ____ of the sights and sounds that fall upon our senseorgans; the great majority pass us by.A) fiction B) functionC) fraction D) fragment19. I guess the whole paper has to be rewritten; only the first few paragraphs may be ____.A) sustained B) containedC) maintained D) retained20. The police will give you a ticket if you ____ the speed limit.A) break B) rejectC) suspend D) exceed21. The wise man exercises ____ in his behavior and enjoyments.A) limitation B) interestC) restriction D) restraint22. When Jack was eighteen he ____ going around with a strange set of people and staying outvery late.A) took to B) took forC) took up D) took on23. Which is the most expensive ____ training equipment, players’ personal equipment anduniforms?A) in place of B) in terms ofC) by means of D) by way of24. The survival of civilization, as we know, is ____ threat.A) within B) underC) towards D) upon25. George took ____ of the fine weather to do a day’s work in his garden.A) chance B) effectC) occasion D) advantageUnit 71. Gary has planned to take a tour around the Great Lakes in the coming summer vacation and_____ great pleasure from the visit.A) acquires B) anticipatesC) recalls D) reckons2. They are two dollars each but if you buy ten, you get a _____ of ten per cent.A) discount B) recessionC) depression D) discharge3. Money _____ as it goes from person to person.A) speaks B) scattersC) circulates D) distributes4. His hope _____ when he heard that there were some survivors in the shipwreck.A) highlighted B) soaredC) inspired D) flourished5. I bought a washing-machine and asked to have it sent to my house. The manager of the store promised to make a prompt _____.A) delivery B) relay C) supply D) transport6. He _____ his rose bushes carefully with insecticide every evening.A) distributed B) dischargedC) spread D) sprayed7. His company went _____ after he failed in the business.A) decent B) negativeC) bankrupt D) acute8. She always makes notes in the _____ of a book.A) border B) blank C) margin D) edge9. A new spaceship was _____ at Cape Kennedy yesterday.A) motivated B) releasedC) transmitted D) launched10. Don’t _____ this news to the public until we give y ou the go-ahead.A) relieve B) release C) relate D) retain11. The noise was caused by a dog _____ a cat through the garden.A) chasing B) followingC) catching D) fighting12. Although the two players are _____ in the tennis court, they are really good friends.A) partners B) enemiesC) rivals D) companions13. We can _____ the possibility of total loss from our calculations.A) exclude B) preventC) excuse D) discard14. I felt _____ to death because I could make nothing of the chairman’s speech.A) fatigued B) tiredC) exhausted D) bored15. The two friends said goodbye and then went their _____ ways.A) relevant B) relativeC) reluctant D) respective16. They _____ the flood after a heroic fight lasting five days and four nights.A) conquered B) combatedC) won D) withdrew17. Two men were _____ a large log over the rough ground with the help of a rope.A) pushing B) drawingC) dragging D) carrying18. They claimed that _____ 1,000 factories closed down during the economic crisis.A) sufficiently B) approximatelyC) considerably D) properly19. Everyone _____ around quietly to avoid waking the baby.A) cracked B) crashedC) crawled D) crept20. Lower taxes would _____ investment and help economic growth.A) harness B) highlightC) spur D) soar22. What’s the Chinese _____ for the English word “refer”?A) equality B) equalC) equivalent D) equation23. The soldier was _____ of running away when the enemy attacked.A) scolded B) chargedC) accused D) punished24. She _____ all criticism and calmly went on with the project.A) smashed up B) left offC) hung up D) shrugged off25. Success now seemed very remote and Bernard felt _____.A) pessimistic B) optimisticC) positive D) objective26. This is _____ the most difficult job I have ever tackled.A) by rights B) by itselfC) by oneself D) by far27. The price of beer _____ from 50 cents to $4 per liter during the summer season.A) altered B) rangedC) separated D) differed28. Only the most sophisticated theories of modern physics can _____ this phenomenon.A) account for B) count onC) account of D) count for29. On his back the man carried a heavy _____ of old clothes.A) bulk B) bundleC) stock D) mass30. There was a 0.3 per cent rise in the cost-of-living _____.A) mark B) gradeC) indication D) indexUnit 81. The boy cycling in the street was knocked down by a minibus and received _____ injuries.A) fatal B) excessiveC) radical D) exaggerated2. We are ____ from drinking alcohol during working hours.A) subtracted B) prohibitedC) prevented D) blocked3. When there are small children around, it is necessary to put bottles of piles out of ____.A) hand B) reachC) hold D) place4. Airport security was extra tight ____ yesterday’s bomb attacks.A) in the wake of B) sinceC) in spite of D) during5. When we have agreed broadly on what should be said, the secretary will produce a preliminary ____ for the committee’s approval.A) project B) designC) draft D) drawing6. I have made _____ mistakes in my writing so that I can ask my students to find and correct them.A) false B) intensiveC) deliberate D) accidental7. He went ahead _____ all warnings about the danger of his mission.A) in case of B) in place ofC) in spite of D) regardless of8. There would be about 10 million other planets in the universe that could physically _____ theearth.A) resemble B) disguiseC) imitate D) assume9. Harry _____ his pants at the seams (接缝) when he bent over.A) sliced B) splitC) cracked D) broke10. How to dispose _____ the nuclear waste is a pressing problem for scientists and politiciansalike.A) of B) withC) through D) behind11. The synthetic vitamins are identical _____ those naturally present in our food.A) for B) ofC) as D) with12. The tension _____ as the guest of honor was about to announce the winner.A) mounted B) accentedC) climbed D) raised13. Doctors hope to _____ a human heart into the patient within the next few days.A) transfer B) transformC) transplant D) transport14. It is true that _____ a wild plant into a major food crop such as wheat requires much researchtime.A) multiplying B) breedingC) qualifying D) generating15. Although Asian countries are generally more _____ in social customs than western countries,there have been several notable examples of women leaders in both China and India.A) conservative B) confidentialC) comprehensive D) consistent16. What these young men were doing _____ a threat to the safety of the whole neighborhood.A) constructed B) contractedC) constituted D) contributed17. When she retired she did a lot of _____ work for the Red Cross.A) valid B) portableC) prosperous D) voluntary18. The pioneers _____ their journey after a short rest.A) assumed B) presumedC) resumed D) consumed19. I didn’t expect that he w ould take _____ of my failure to achieve his own goal.A) chance B) effectC) occasion D) advantage20. Some creatures, for example, lizards (蜥蜴), can _____ lost parts of their bodies, but wehuman beings can not.A) produce B) reproduceC) recover D) cultivate21. All units of measurement are _____, because space, time, weight, and other dimensions are notnaturally divided into units.A) objective B) traditionalC) artificial D) controversial22. As you have seen, the value of a nation’s currency is a _____ of its economy.A) reaction B) reflectionC) response D) reproduction23. The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents’_____.A) command B) convictionC) consent D) compromise24. Students often find _____ jobs during their summer holidays.A) temporary B) terminalC) stable D) partial25. As a girl Mary was vain, and this _____ in her character led to her ruin in later life.A) error B) mistakeC) defect D) vacancy26. _____ simplicity, we may put the theory briefly as follows.A) As a result of B) For the sake ofC) In consequence of D) In terms of27. Because of the good harvest, India had a large _____ of wheat that year.A) donation B) supplementC) barn D) surplus28. The possession of language enables man to _____ his wisdom and experience to his childrenand grandchildren.A) pass away B) pass offC) pass by D) pass on29. I soon _____ that I could not make him change his mind.A) revealed B) receivedC) perceived D) persuaded30. The shop doesn’t have brown sugar in _____ at the moment, but they expect to have sometomorrow.A) store B) storageC) stock D) portionUnit 91. They are sure they have all the facts they need to _____ the existence of a black hole.A) obtain B) maintainC) display D) verify2. They’re interviewing three _____ for the post of sales manager.A) sponsors B) candidatesC) advocates D) opponents3. Harry was _____ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.A) scratched B) bittenC) stuck D) stung4. The doctor told Penny that too much _____ to the sun is bad for the skin.A) exposure B) extensionC) exhibition D) expansion5. You are not helping your child if you try to _____ him from every danger.A) avoid B) shadeC) shield D) conceal6. I think we need to see an investment _____ before we make an expensive mistake.A) guide B) cashierC) consultant D) assessor7. I didn’t write it. That is not my _____ on the cheque.A) signal B) symbolC) sign D) signature8. The minister _____ the latest crime figures as proof of the need for more police.A) referred B) recruitedC) cited D) imported9. A well-written composition _____ good choice of words and clear organization among other things.A) calls on B) calls forC) calls up D) calls off10. It’s too late to change your mind now, so there’s no point in _____ tears over it.A) discarding B) streamingC) shedding D) flowing11. These decisions will have a vital _____ on their attitude towards the West.A) connection B) associationC) bearing D) reference12. The two countries solved their border _____ through negotiations.A) debate B) disputeC) argument D) quarrel13. The committee is under _____ to reach agreement before midnight.A) possibility B) controlC) influence D) pressure14. The smith soon _____ three iron shoes for the horse.A) forged B) formedC) framed D) formatted15. Governments make laws and the police _____ them.A) compel B) compressC) enforce D) reinforce16. She fell ill and _____ a thorough examination at the hospital.A) overtook B) undertookC) underwent D) withstood17. Her clothes were too _____ for the occasion.A) relaxed B) casualC) indifferent D) flexible18. The speaker talked about sports in general and about football _____.A) in brief B) in sequenceC) in short D) in particular19. Income tax rates are _____ to one’s annual income.A) related B) dependentC) based D) associated20. You are only allowed to _____ in the fast lane on a motorway.A) overtake B) overturnC) overrun D) overcome21. You didn’t have to write the essay if you didn’t want to. It was _____.A) compulsory B) suitableC) alternative D) optional22. Since the matter was extremely _____, we dealt with it immediately.A) tough B) urgent C) tense D) instant23. It is much easier to talk about social change than to _____.A) bring it on B) bring it outC) bring it about D) bring it up24. From this amount you need to _____ something to cover utility bills.A) contribute B) attributeC) subtract D) contract25. He made an excellent speech, and everything he said was to the _____.A) sense B) meaningC) focus D) point26. Franklin’s ability to learn from observations and experience _____ greatly to his success inpublic life.A) contributed B) owedC) attached D) related27. Throughout his life, Henry Moore _____ an interest in encouraging art in the city of Leeds.A) contained B) securedC) reserved D) maintained28. Features such as height, weight, and skin color _____ from individual to individual and fromface to face.A) change B) varyC) alter D) convert29. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _____ opportunity to change hismind.A) accurate B) urgentC) excessive D) adequate30. The question of salary increases is high on the _____.A) agenda B) procedureC) schedule D) budget。