教学内容
第二章 翻译的基础知识与技巧 2.1 词汇的理解 2.1.1 理解专业知识和文化背景知识 复习概念：翻译的概念、标准、意义、方法等 2.1.2 词语的分隔 2.1.3. “多枝共干” 课堂练习 课后作业
第二章： 翻译的基础知识与技巧
2.1 词汇的理解
• 2.1.2 词语的分隔
• 英语词语分隔按其性质可分为四大类：修辞性分隔、修饰 性分隔、插入性分隔和倒装性分隔。 • 修辞性分隔：为了使句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，就把两个 本该相连的成分拆开，这种分隔被称之为修辞性分隔。 • Consumer goods are also abundant of good quality and variety. • 质量好，品种多的消费品也供应充足。 • Never say anything behind a person’s back that you won’t say to his face. • 当面不愿说的话，千万不要在背后说。
Translation before Class
• People often say that a dog is man's best friend. Over thousands of years, man has taught his dogs to do many kinds of work besides guarding the home. For example, sheepdogs are famous for their ability to control a flock of hundreds of sheep. Dogs have been used to aid disabled people for centuries. A guide dog can lead its blind owner. Nowadays, dogs can be taught to turn on light switches, open refrigerator doors and dial the telephone for their disabled owners. For the majority of people, however, dogs are simply pets and friends for both young and old members of the family.
Practice in Class
1.A list has been drawn up of all the verbs taught so far. 2.Every day news comes from all over the country of great success in one field after another. 3.Difference still remains between town and country. 4.In that year, the aeronautical society of Great Britain was formed to stimulate research and experiment. 5.The paper, published here, denounced the aggressors for their massacre of the innocent people. 6.A successful scientist usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explana rose can elicit not only a pleasurable sensation but emotions and memories as well. • 玫瑰的香味不但会引起令人愉快的感觉, 而且还会诱发情 绪和记忆。 • Not only do those satellites perform a variety of tasks but they come in numerous shapes, sizes and nationalities. • 这些卫星不但执行的任务多种多样, 而且形状有别、大小 不等、国籍迥异。
• 修饰性分隔：语法或语义关系密切的两个句子成分被其修饰 作用的词语或从句分隔开来，这种分隔称之为修饰性分隔 • He marked all the bees that came to the nearby feeding place blue. • 他给所有来到附件喂食处的蜜蜂标上蓝色。 • This kind of medicine can help people who have been sick get well more quickly. • 这种药有助于病人好得更快些。 • 插入性分隔：当说话者对所述内容进行说明、解释或阐明自 己的态度，看法时，往往在句子中插入一些词语。由于在句 子插入某些词语而造成的分隔，就叫做插入性分隔。 • I found the book, on the whole, very interesting. • 总起来看，我觉得这本书非常有趣。 • His condition is, what worries me, getting worse. • 使我忧虑的是，他的健康状况越来越差。
2.1.3 “多枝共干”
“多枝共干” , 顾名思义指的是“多个分枝共用一个主干” 的 意思。指的是“一个动词带有两个或多个宾语; 两个或多 个 动词短语共用一个宾语; 一个名词 (短语) 带有两个或多 个修饰语; 两个或多个名词(短语) 共用一个修饰语”等等
此类结构。
1. 一般情况下, 可采用“顺译法”和“重复译法”按照原 结构译出。可采用汉语的“不但…而且…”,“…和 …”,“…并且…”等结构译出。但由于汉语语义搭配要求 甚严, 因此, “重复”翻译时要注意词与词的搭配。
• 倒装性分隔：由于语法或修辞上的需要，将某些句子成分 提到前面，从而造成被提前的成分与原来相关的句子成分 分隔开来，这种原因造成的分隔称为倒装性分隔 • e.g. Poor though he is, he is honest. • 虽然他穷，但他很诚实。 • e.g. The more he works, the more he gets. • 他越努力，他就收获越多。