专题一名词Ⅰ.名词的定义名词是表示人、事物、现象和其他抽象概念的名称的词。

名词可分为专有名词和普名词。

专有名词是具体的人和事物等特有名称。

专有名词的第一个字母要大写，人名、地名公共节日及月份、周日的名称等等都是属于专有名词。

（见资料）如：Yao Ming 姚明； China 中国；Christmas 圣诞节等。

Ⅱ. 可数名词和不可数名词普通名词按照其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。

1．可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

如：an apple; two apples 。

★注意： a 用于以辅音音素( 指音标) 开头的单数名词前；an 用于以元音音素( 指音标) 开头的单数名词前。

如：a book/buk/, a useful/ju:sful/ book ，an apple/’aepl/ ，a red apple , an hour/’aua/2．不可数名词: 不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，没有复数形式。

(1)物质名词。

如： water; rice; tea; milk; food; fruit; meat; fish(鱼肉); chicken(鸡肉); beef; mutton; orange(橙汁)；sugar; salt; paper(纸); porridge; bread; sand; juice等。

这类不可数名词需要计量时要在名词前加表示量的词。

如：a cup of tea; two bags of rice; three bottles of water 等。

(2)抽象名词。

如： news; music; time(时间); information等。

(3)不可数名词不能与数词或不定冠词连用。

(4)注意有些名词既可做可数名词也可做不可数名词。

如：fish; time; glass; orange; room; noise; chicken等。

但使用时一定要区分它们表达的不同意义。

Ⅲ. 名词的数(1)元音或词尾发生变化如：man→men; woman→women; Frenchman→Frenchmen; tooth→teeth; foot→feet; child→children(2)单复数形式相同如：sheep→sheep; fish→fish; Chinese→Chinese; Japanese→Japanese; yuan→yuan(3)形式为单数意思为复数如：people，police（集合名词）(4)形式为复数意思为单数如：news, maths, physics, the United States等。

(5)只用复数形式如：pants, shorts, clothes，glasses(眼镜)等。

3. 不可数名词的量的表示：（不能直接用数字；不能直接加a。

an；无复数形式）(1)表不定数量时，一般用much，(a)little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等词修饰。

(2)表确定数量时，一般用“数词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词。

如：a piece of paper, a piece of news, a bag of rice, two glasses of milk, four bottles of water（1）Ⅳ.名词的所有格：1. 有生命的名词所有格(1) 单数名词后加’s 。

如：my brother’s book(2) 不以s 结尾的复数名词后加’s 。

如：the children’s football(3) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加’ 。

如：the boys’ game(4) 以s 结尾的专有名词后直接加’ 。

如：Dickens’ novels(5) 某物为两个名词共有时，在第二个名词后加’s : 如：Tom and David’s room.(6) 表示两个名词各自拥有的东西，在两个名词后都加’s: 如：Tom’s and David’s rooms.2. 无生命的事物的名词所有格(of所有格)(1)of＋名词。

如：a photo of my family, the door of the classroom注意：“of＋名词’s/名词性物主代词” 构成双重所有格如：a friend of mine, a friend of Jim’s。

(2) 表示时间或距离，国家，城市的方法。

也可用’s来构成所有格▲如：ten minutes’ drive十分钟车程；a month’s holiday一个月的假期。

China’s capital(3)表称呼、职业等名词的所有格可以表示人的住所或工作场所。

所有格后面的名词一般被省去。

如：at his brother’s; at the doctor’s; at the barker’s; at Mr Read’s(4)用所有格表示节日的方法：如：Teachers’ Day; Children’s Day.（除了父亲节和母亲节其他节日我们都用名词复数的所有格表示。

）如：Mother’s Day; Father’s Day.▲（5）.由some、any、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something 、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面。

This is_________________(somebody else ) pencil .四、名词作句子成分：★1.名词作主语1).表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Two hours _______(be) enough for us to get there .2).量词短语“数字+量词+ of +…”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致。

A pair of shoes _______(be) under the bed . Two pieces of paper _______(be) on the desk .3).名词+介词（with、except 、along with ….）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致。

The teacher with the students _________(be) planting trees on the hill .4).短语“neither…nor…、either…or…、not only…but also …”连接主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则。

Neither he nor I ______ (be) a Frenchman .★2.名词作定语1).名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。

变复数时，名词中的中心词变为复数形式。

如：a banana tree→banana trees; a shoe factory→shoe factories There is a shoe factory near the school .2).名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。

(sport )The sports meeting will be held next week .3).man、woman 作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变。

one man teacher two women teachers（2）词类一名词( ) 1.（2009·广州）—You look very tired this morning. What did you do yesterday afternoon? —I did _______ Christmas shopping.A. a lot ofB. a few ofC. a number ofD. a piece of( ) 2.（2009·武汉）—Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tracy ？—I generally make it a _______ to be up by 7 to read English.A. planB. wishC. secretD. rule( ) 3.（2009·武汉）—Do the dishes, Mike, or I will tell mum!—Mind your own _______ ,Sue!A. actionB. dutyC. businessD. Way( ) 4.（2009·广州）The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn't_______ news.A. manyB. a fewC. muchD. few( ) 5.（2009·威海）--Why didn’t you take a taxi back last night?--Because I didn’t have any_________with me.A. foodB. bicycleC. friendD. money( ) 6.（2009·成都）John always says that he likes apples of all the ______ .A. vegetablesB. fruitsC. drinks( ) 7.（2009·江西）---You look worried. What’s your ___ ?---I have trouble learning English.A. nameB. questionC. problemD. job( ) 8.（2009·南京）--Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do?--I’m afraid we have no ______ but to take a taxi.A. choiceB. decisionC. reasonD. information( ) 9.（2009·河南）I like _______ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways. A. fish B. butter C. potatoes D. noodles( ) 10.（2009·宜昌）--In my opinion, China has more ______to deal with the disease ofA/H1N1.--I quite agree with you. Chinese medicine works well.A. advantagesB. interestsC. equipmentsD. materials( ) 11.（2009·娄底）—It’s said that you have moved into a new house.—Yeah，and we need to buy some_______ in the mall nearby.A. foodB. furnitureC. hamburger( )12.（2009·孝感）All the _______ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday.A. manB. menC. womanD. women( ) 13.（2009·湖北孝感）Emma, who are you taking _________ of at home?— My grandma, she got hurt in an accident.A. placeB. partC. seatD. care( ) 14.（2009·山西）--How can I see thick snow in most northern parts of China?--You have to wait till ______ comes, Steve.A. summerB. autumnC. winter( ) 15.（2009·山西）Let’s get some ______ about tourism on the Internet.A. informationB. messageC. invention( ) 16.（2009·无锡）_____ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _____ teachers.A. A number of ; womenB. A number of ; womanC. The number of ; womenD. The number of ; woman( ) 17.（2009·绥德）Mike and his friend are going to the _______ to see the new action movie tonight.A. book shopB. restaurantC. concertD. cinema(3)( ) 18.(2009.安徽)--Shall we go shopping now?---Sorry. It’s not the right ________. I’m too tired.A. wayB. weatherC. placeD. moment( ) 19.（2009.安徽）--I’m afraid I can’t get there before 9 o’clock.--That’s OK. There’s _______ .A. no wayB. no wonderC. no doubtD. no hurry( ) 20.（2009.漳州）--What makes you so upset?--I wanted to explain why I was late, but Mr. White didn’t give me a(n) _____.A. wayB. chanceC. ideaD. excuse( ) 21.（2009·通化）We need to come up with a/an ______ and make a decision at once. A. information B. advice C. idea D. news( ) 22.（2009·德州）Look at the flowers! They are in different _______: red, yellow, pink…A. colorsB. sizesC. pricesD. names( ) 23.（2009·恩施）–I’d like ______ grapes and pears.–Oh, I only need ______ orange juice.A. some; a fewB. a few; someC. a little; fewD. a little; a few( )2 4.（2009·阜康）—What would you like to drink?—________, please.A. RiceB. MeatC. WaterD. Bread( ) 25.（2009·朝阳）--You look very young, Mrs. Green. Could you tell me how old you are? ---Oh, sorry. It’s a(n) _______ .A. problemB. instructionC. secretD. business( ) 26.（2009·安顺）We should not eat ______ meat.A. too manyB. much tooC. too muchD. many too( ) 27.（2009·安顺）I don’t understand the story though there are _______ new words in it.A. fewB. littleC. a fewD. a little( ) 28.（2009·安顺）This is not my dictionary. It’s ______ . She lent it to me this morning. A. my sister B. my sistersC. my sister’sD. my sisters( ) 29.（2009·安顺）A school in Anshun held an activity c alled “Recommend(推荐) Books to Your Teachers”. The students made a ______ of 1,0000 books!A. noteB. lineC. menuD. list( ) 30.（2009·莆田）--I feel thirsty. I want something to drink. What about you?--OK. Let’s go and buy some ________ .A. orangeB. breadC. chocolate( ) 31.（2009·莆田）Hurry up. There is _____ time left.A. a littleB. littleC. few32.(2010·内江)—Well,you look so happy!--Because I've got a good ________.A.workB. newsC.jobD. ideas( ) 33. (2010·上海)You can get much_____about the World Expo on the Internet.A.mapB.pictureC.ticketrmation( ) 34. (2010·上海)The customers are pleased with the________of the restaurant.A.balanceB.experienceC.surfaceD.service( ) 35. (2010·晋江)–Lily has a silk ______. Listen, she is singing in the next room!-- How nice!.A. lookB. noiseC. voice( ) 36.（2010·通化）We need to come up with a/an____and make a decision at once.rmationB.adviceC.ideaD.news( ) 37.(2010·湖州)--Would you like some ___?--No,thank you.I’m not hungry at all.A.waterB.booksC.clothesD.bread(4)( )38.（2010·荆州)—When will the 2010 World Expo(世博会) come to a close?—It’ll close at the end of ________.A. SeptemberB. OctoberC. NovemberD. December( )39.（2010·武汉）–Why are you still waiting in line?--I’ve missed my _______ .全品中考网A. placeB. orderC. turnD. time( )40.(2010·河南)It was very hard for me to make a_______but J decided to leave my job.A suggestionB decisionC planD speech( )41.（2010·黄冈）—Good news. We will have a _____holiday.--I’ve heard of it.But it’s coming in____.A.three days ; three days’ timeB.three days’; three d ays’C.three-day; three daysD.three days; three-day time( )42.（2010·聊城）—Why not go to Qingdao on May Day,Jim?--I’m afraid it’s not a good ________.I have been there several times.A.wayB.placeC.adviceD.idea( )43.（2010·阜康）( )Mr Black gave us ______on how to learn English well.A.an adviceB.many advicesC.some adviceD.some advices( )44.（2010·黄石）—With whom did you watch 2010 World Cup Opening Ceremony ?—_________.A. A friend of mineB. A friend of meC. A friend of my sisterD. A friend of you( )45.（2010·荆门）Oh, my god! The kids are making too much_____ here. I can’t do anything.A. soundB. V oiceC. NoiseD. footstep( )46.（2010·襄樊）—What’s your job , Henry?—I’m a ________ ,I work late . I’m very busy when peopl e go out to dimters .A. waiterB. reporterC. teacherD. nurse( )47.(2010·鸡西)－How many ______can you see in the picture?－Only one.A. DogB. sheepC. childD. tree( )48.（2010·定西)—What’s your?—I like swimming.A. jobB. ageC.hobbyD. number( )49.(2010·定西)—What would you like，sir?—.A. Two pop 全品B. Two bottles popC. Two bottles of popD. Two bottle of pop ( )50.（2010·莱芜）I have a_____ for breakfast everyday.A. hot dogB. CookieC. DumplingD. hamburger( )51.(2010·哈尔滨)A low-carbon(低碳) lifestyle has ______ effect on our daily life. People are paying more and more attention to saving ______ these days.A. the, energiesB. a, energyC. an, energy( )52. (2010三明)—What a fine day! Shall we go hiking, Bob?--I’d love to.But is’s not the right ________.I am busy now.A.placeB.momentC.weather( )53.（2010·天津）If you work hard,you’ll get good ________.A.gradesB.notesC.lessonsD.answers( )54.（2010·泰安）—Lucy, do you like _____?-Yes.Most of my clothes are ______.A.an orange an orangeB.orange ,orangeC.oranges ,orangesD.orange,an orange ( )55.（2010·青海&宁夏)Mr. Li regards Ningxia as his second_______ because he has been here for over twenty years.A. familyB. houseC. roomD. home( )56.（2010·沈阳）I'm not sure about the meaning of the word. You'd better look it up in a ____.A.letterB. dictionaryC. postcardD. Notice(5)( )57.（2010·连云港）--What’s the news about ?--_______ entertainment stars gathered to attact donations for Yushu.A. A member ofB. A kind ofC.A packet ofD.A number of( )58.（2010·巴中）What a pity! Liu Xiang didn’t win the_____hurdles（跨栏）.A.110-meterB.110-metersC.110 meterD.110 meters( )59.(2010·四川) When I was a student, I liked to sit in the front of the classroomso that I could see the words more clearly on the _______.A. blackboardB. deskC. dictionaryD. postcard( )60.（2010·东阳) I saw many ______ eating grass on the hill.A. horseB. cowC. rabbitD. sheep( )61.（2010·浙江）—The land in the southwest of China is in great need of . —Yes ,it hasn’t rained for a long ti me there.A. milkB.tea C coffee D. water( )62.（2010·台湾）The pants I bought last year are too small now. I think I need a new .A. beltB. pairC. shirtD. space( )63.（2010·台湾）Mike: I always forget what I want to buy when I go to the market. Oscar: Well, you can make a of things you want to buy.A. habitB. listC. packD. wish( )64.（2010·巴中）— What is the____of the 2010 World Expo（世博会）?—It is “Better City, Better Life”.A. songB. themeC. custom( )65.（2010·眉山）—Would you like some drinks, boys?—Yes, ____ , pleaseA. some orangesB. two boxes of chocolateC. some cakesD. two boxes of cola 【答案】D( )66.（2010·滨州）—Can I help you?—I’d like ______ for my twin daughters.A. two pair of shoesB. two pairs of shoeC. two pair of shoeD. two pairs of shoes1---5 ADCCD 5---10 BCAAA 11---15 BDDCA 16---20 CDDDB21—22 CABCC 26--30 CACDA 31---35 BCDDC 36---40 CDBCB41—45 CDCAC 46—50 ABCCD 51---55CBABD 56---60 BDAAD61----66 DBBBDD(6)专题二冠词Ⅰ.冠词的定义冠词是虚词。