合肥学院Hefei University翻译文献：玻璃的光学性能课程名称：金属学与热处理指导教师：谢劲松系别/班级：14粉体材料科学与工程一班姓名（学号）：罗成1403011012摘要：无机材料指由无机物单独或混合其他物质制成的材料。
通常指由硅酸盐、铝酸盐、硼酸盐、磷酸盐、锗酸盐等原料和/或氧化物、氮化物、碳化物、硼化物、硫化物、硅化物、卤化物等原料经一定的工艺制备而成的材料。
Abstract: inorganic materials by inorganic material alone or mixed with other materials. Usually made of silicate, aluminate, borate, phosphate and germanate and / or raw materials such as oxides, nitrides, carbides, borides, silicides, sulfides, halides as raw materials prepared by materials.玻璃是由二氧化硅和其他化学物质熔融在一起形成的（主要生产原料为：纯碱、石灰石、石英）。
在熔融时形成连续网络结构，冷却过程中粘度逐渐增大并硬化致使其结晶的硅酸盐类非金属材料。
普通玻璃的化学组成是Na2SiO3、CaSiO3、SiO2或Na2O·CaO·6SiO2等，主要成分是硅酸盐复盐，是一种无规则结构的非晶态固体。
广泛应用于建筑物，属于混合物。
另有混入了某些金属的氧化物或者盐类而显现出颜色的有色玻璃，和通过物理或者化学的方法制得的钢化玻璃等。
有时把一些透明的塑料（如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯）也称作有机玻璃。
The glass is made of silicon dioxide and other chemical substances fused together to form (the main raw materials for the production of soda ash, limestone, quartz). The formation of a continuous network structure in the melt, silicate nonmetalmaterials cooling process viscosity increases gradually and hardening resulting in the crystallization. The chemical composition of glass is Na2SiO3, CaSiO3, or SiO2 Na2O - CaO - 6SiO2, is the main component of silicate, is an amorphous solid irregular structure. Widely used in buildings, to the mixture. Otherwise mixed with some metal oxides or salts and show the color of colored glass The glass and method by physical or chemical preparation of toughened glass. Some transparent plastic (such as PMMA) also called organic glass.关键词：折射率、反射、对红外和紫外的吸收Refractive index, reflection, infrared and ultraviolet absorption一、玻璃的折射率当光照射到玻璃时，一般产生反射、透过和吸收。
这三种基本性质与折射率有关。
玻璃的折射率可以理解为电磁波在玻璃中传播速度的降低（以真空中的光速为准）。
如果用折射率来表示光速的降低，则：n=c/vWhen the light shines on the glass, generally have the reflection and absorption. Through these three kinds of basic properties and refractive index.The refractive index of the glass can be understood as to reduce the velocity ofelectromagnetic wave in the glass (at the speed of light in a vacuum.). If therefractive index of light is said to reduce, n=c/v式中：n—玻璃的折射率C—光在真空中的传播速度V—光在玻璃中的传播速度一般玻璃的折射率为1.5~1.75 。
玻璃的折射率也可以用光的入射角的正弦与折射角的正弦之比来表示。
N=Sin∠a/Sin∠b式中∠a为入射角，∠b为折射角。
玻璃折射率随入射光波长不同而不同的现象，称为色散。
在测量玻璃的折射率和色散值时，是指一定的波长而言的。
由于色散的存在，白光可被棱镜分解七色光谱。
若入射光不是单色光，通过透镜时由于色散，将在屏上出现模糊的彩色光斑，造成色差而使透镜成象失真。
这点在光学系统设计中必须予以考虑，并常用复合透镜予以消除。
The refractive index of glass with different wavelength and different phenomena, known as dispersion. In the measurement of glass refractive index and dispersion value, refers to a certain wavelength. The result of dispersionexists, white light can be decomposed. If the prism prism incident light ismonochromatic light through the lens, because the dispersion will appear spotcolor fuzzy on the screen, the imaging lens cause color distortion. This must be considered in the design of optical system, and used the compound lens to beeliminated.光波通过玻璃时，其中某些离子的电子要随光波电场变化而发生振动。
这些电子的振动有自己的自然频率（本征频率），当电子振子的自然频率同光波的电磁频率相一致时，振动就加强，发生共振，结果大量吸收了相应频率的光波能量。
玻璃中电子振子的自然频率在近紫外区，因此，近紫外区的光受到较大削弱。
绝大多数的玻璃，在近紫外区折射率最大并逐步向红光区降低，在可见光区玻璃的折射率随光波频率的增大而增大。
这种折射率随波长减小而增大，当波长变短时，变化更迅速的色散现象，叫正常色散。
大部分透明物质都具有这种正常色散现象。
当光波波长接近于材料的吸收带时所发生的折射率急剧变化。
在吸收带的长波侧，折射率高，在吸收带的短波侧的折射率低，这种现象称为反常色散。
The light through the glass, which some ions with electronic light wave electric field change vibration. Vibration of the electrons have their own natural frequency (eigenfrequency), consistent with the natural frequency when the frequency of electromagnetic wave with electronic oscillator, vibration enhanced resonance occur, results of a large number of absorbed light energy the corresponding frequency. The natural frequency of electronic oscillators in the glass in the near ultraviolet region, therefore, the near ultraviolet light is greatly weakened. Most of the glass in the near ultraviolet maximum refractive index and gradually reduced to the red zone, in the visible light refraction glass rate increases with the increase of frequency. This refraction the rate decreases with the wavelength Increases when the wavelength becomes short, dispersion changes more rapidly, called normal dispersion. Most transparent materials have the normal dispersion. When the refraction of light wavelength is close to the absorbing band that occurs when the rate of rapid change.In the long wavelength side band, high refractive index, low rate of refraction in shortwave absorption the side band, this phenomenon is called anomalous dispersion.二、反射根据反射表面的不同特征，光的反射可分为“直反射”和“漫反射”两种。