Middle-Term Test of Linguisticsname class student ID I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic2. Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A、mouthB、lipsC、tongueD、vocal cords3. The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.A、bound morphemeB、bound formC、inflectional morphemeD、free morpheme4. "Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."A、is synonymous withB、is inconsistent withC、entailsD、presupposes5、The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.( )A. gradable oppositesB. relational oppositesC. co-hyponymsD. synonyms6.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.( )A. +animate, +male, +human, -adultB. +animate, +male, +human, +adultC. +animate, -male, +human, -adultD. +animate, -male, +human, +adult7.The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet” ‘A rose by any other name would smell as sweet’ well illustrates _______.( )A.the conventional nature of languageB.the creative nature of languageC.the universality of languageD.the big difference between human language and animal communication8. Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to thesequential rules in English.( )A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk9.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approachwhich studies language change over various periods of time and at various historicalstages.A.synchronicB.diachronicparativeD.historical comparative10. ____ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.A. PrefixesB. SuffixesC. RootsD. AffixesII. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (2%×10=20%) 1. Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user'sk of the rules of his language.2. The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b .3. M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.4. The affix “-ish” in the word boyish conveys a g meaning.5. B___________ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.6. Affixes are of two types: inflectional affixes andd__________ affixes.7. C__________ is the combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words.8. M ____ is the smallest meaningful unit of language.9. In terms of morphemic analysis, d_______________ can be viewed as the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.10. The conceptualist view holds that there is no d______ link between a linguistic form and what it refers to.Ⅳ. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (5%×6=30%)1. synchronic linguistics2. displacement3. derivational affixes4. TG grammar5. hyponymy6. morphemeV.Paraphrase the following sentence in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences. (10%)He saw young men and women present.VI. Consider these phrases in Ancient Greek (in a Roman-based transcription) and their unordered English translations, matchthe Ancient Greek phrase (A-H) with the corresponding English translation (20%)(A) ho tōn hyiōn dulos ____ (1) the donkey of the master(B) hoi tōn dulōn cyrioi ____ (2) the brothers of the merchant(C) hoi tu emporu adelphoi ____ (3) the merchants of the donkeys(D) hoi tōn onōn emporoi ____ (4) the sons of the masters(E) ho tu cyriu onos ____ (5) the slave of the sons(F) ho tu oicu cyrios ____ (6) the masters of the slaves(G) ho tōn adelphōn oicos ____ (7) the house of the brothers(H) hoi t!n cyriōn hyioi ____ (8) the master of the house。