《英语语言学》练习题一一、I Indicate the following statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets:1. In the phrases a herd of cattle, a flock of sheep, both cattle and sheep contain only one morpheme.2. The meaning of compounds is always the sum of meaning of the compounds.3. The Swiss linguist de Saussure regarded the linguistic sign as composed of sound image and referent.4. Chinese is an agglutinating language.5. Not all vowels are voiced.6. If segments appear in the same position but the mutual substitution does not result in change of meaning, they are said to be in free variation.7. A greenbottle is a type of bottle.8. Productivity is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.9. Language contains two subsystems, one of speaking and the other of writing.10. Language can be used to refer to things real or imagined, past, present or future.11. Modern linguistics is prescriptive rather than descriptive.12. The study of speech sounds is called Phonology.13. The voiceless bilabial stop in pin and the one in spin are in complementary distribution.14. Tone is the variation of pitch to distinguish utterance meaning.15. Compounding, the combination of free morphemes, is a common way to form words.II Write the phonetic symbol that corresponds to the articulatory description.Example: vowel front high [i:]1.bilabial nasal2.voiced labiovelar glide3.literal liquid4.voiced bilabial stop5.front high laxIII Draw two tree diagrams of the following ambiguous sentence.Pat found a book on Wall Street.IV How would you read the phrases in the two columns? What does each of them mean?Column I Column IIa. a bluebird a blue birdb. a lighthouse keeper a light housekeeperV.Explain the relation between bank1 (the side of a river) and bank2 (the financial institute).VI.Tell the semantic relation within the given sentence and that between the two sentences.a)My uncle is male.b)The spinster is married.c)Jim is an orphan. Jim lives with his parents.d)Sam is the husband of Sally. Sally is the wife of Sam.e)He has gone to London. He has gone to England.VII.Answer the following questions:a)How do sociolinguists classify the varieties of English?b) What are the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle?c) What are the components of metaphor?二、I、Fill in each of the following blanks with one word beginning with the letter given:2.Modern linguistics is d__________ rather than prescriptive.3.Consonants can be described in terms of p________ of articulation, manners of articulation, andv_______.4.A_________ are variants of the same phoneme in different phonetic contexts.5.The smallest meaningful unit of language is called m________.6.According to Saussure, a linguistic sign is composed of s________ and s_______.7.General linguistics is based on the view that language as a system composed of three aspects: sound,s________ and meaning.8.Monophthongs and d_________ are two major types of vowels.9.Sequences that are possible but do not occur yet are called a_________ gap, e.g. /blik/, /bilk/, /klib/, and/kilb/.10.M_________ and s________ make up two subsystems of language.11.The language used to talk about language is called m___________.12.According to M.A.K. Halliday, language plays three metafunctions simultaneously: the ideationalfunction, the i________ function and the t__________ function.II、For each group of sounds listed below, state the phonetic feature(s) then share:Example: [s] [f] [p] [h] voiceless1、[g] [z] [d]2、[v] [h] [s]3、[m] [p] [b] [f] [v]4、[t] [d] [n] [l] [s] [z]5、[i:] [i] [u] [u:]III、Explain the ambiguity of the following sentences.a.This is a beautiful girl’s dress.b.Those who went there quickly made a fortune.IV. How would you read the phrases in the two columns? What does each of them mean?Column I Column IIa. The White House a white houseb. a redcoat a red coatV. Draw tree diagrams for the following two sentences:1、A clever magician fooled the audience.2、The tower on the hill collapsed in the wind.VI. Answer the following questions:1、What is reference and what is sense ? How are they related ?2、What are the features of metaphors?3、How do you distinguish homonymy from polysemy?《英语语言学》练习题二一、I、Indicate the following statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets: ( ) 1. The Swiss linguist de Saussure regarded the linguistic sign as composed of sound image and referent. ( ) 2. Chinese is an agglutinating language.( ) 3. Not all vowels are voiced.( ) 4. If segments appear in the same position but the mutual substitution does not result in change of meaning, they are said to be in free variation.( ) 5. A greenbottle is a type of bottle.( ) 6. Productivity is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.( ) 7. Language contains two subsystems, one of speaking and the other of writing.( ) 8. Language can be used to refer to things real or imagined, past, present or future.( ) 9. Modern linguistics is prescriptive rather than descriptive.( ) 10. The study of speech sounds is called Phonology.( ) 11. The voiceless bilabial stop in pin and the one in spin are in complementary distribution.( ) 12. Tone is the variation of pitch to distinguish utterance meaning.( ) 13. Compounding, the combination of free morphemes, is a common way to form words.( ) 14. Pragmatics is concerned with speaker meaning.( ) 15. The reference of a deixis to a preceding expression is technically termed cataphoric reference.II、Transcribe the sound represented by the underlined letter(s) in the words and then describe it.Example: heat [i:] vowel front higha)photob)writec)card)actore)cityIII、Consider the following words and answer the questions below:a)fingerb)disgracefulc)stepsisterd)psycholinguisticse)antidisestablishmentarianismi. Tell the number of morphemes in each word.ii. Underline the free morphemes in each word where possible to do so.IV、Draw tree diagrams to show the ambiguity in the following sentence:They can fish.V、Data Analysis:1）What is the illocution of A’s utterance in the following brief encounter?A: You are in a non-smoking zone, sir.B: Thanks (extinguishing the cigarette).2）What kind of pre-sequence is A’s first utterance? (Hint: A and B are two secretaries working in the same office.)A: Are you going to be here long?B: You can go if you like.A: I’ll just be outside. Call me if you need me.B: OK.VI Answer the following questions1．What are the components of metaphor?2．What is the difference between linguistic competence and communicative competence?3．What is the difference between referential meaning and associative meanings of words?二、I. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word beginning with the letter given:1．Chinese is a typical t________ language. M(mother), m(hemp) m(horse) m(scold), for example, are four distinguished words.2．The total number of words stored in the brain is called l_______, which can be understood as a mental dictionary.3．Words like went, which is not related in form to indicate grammatical contrast with the root, are called s_____. 4．S_________ is defined as the study of meaning.5．S_________ are words which have different forms but similar meanings.6．M_________ and s________ make up two subsystems of language.7．The language used to talk about language is called m___________.8．According to M.A.K. Halliday, language plays three metafunctions simultaneously: the ideational function, the i________ function and the t__________ function.9．Modern linguistics is d__________ rather than prescriptive.10．Consonants can be described in terms of p________ of articulation, manners of articulation, and v_______. 11．A_________ are variants of the same phoneme in different phonetic contexts.12．The smallest meaningful unit of language is called m________.II. For each group of sounds listed below, state the phonetic feature(s) they share:Example: [s] [f] [p] [h] voicelessa)[g] [z] [d]b)[v] [h] [s]c)[m] [p] [b] [f] [v]d)[t] [d] [n] [l] [s] [z]e)[i:] [i] [u] [u:]III. Identify the difference between a greenhouse and a green house, and the difference between a sleeping car and a sleeping baby.IV. Define the following terms, giving examples for illustration:a) Allophoneb)VarietyV. Draw tree diagrams for the following two sentences: (10%)1. A clever magician fooled the audience.2. The tower on the hill collapsed in the wind.VI. Try to think of contexts in which the following sentences can be used for other purposes than just stating facts:1. The room is messy.2. It would be good if she had a green skirt on.VII. Answer the following questions:1.What is reference and what is sense? How are they related?2.What are the three metafunctions that language plays accordingto M. A. K Halliday?。