20111013Grammars V名词性从句主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1. 主语从句I. that引导的主语从句that无词义，只起引导主语从句的作用，在从句中不但当成分，但不能省略。
That they will refuse the offer is unlikely.That light travels in straight lines is known to all.II. whether引导的主语从句该从句含有选择的意义，不能用if替换。
Whether he’ll say or leave doesn’t matter.III. 连接代词引导的主语从句连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语或定语，均不能省略。
What you will do next will influence our whole plan.Who will chair the meeting has not yet been decided.IV. 连接副词引导的主语从句连接副词在从句中作状语，均不能省略。
When we must fulfill our production task is am important question. V. 主语从句的位置主语从句可以直接放在主语位置上，也可以用it作形式主语，而将主语从句放在句末。
It hasn’t been decided who will head the group.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.It seems that you know a lot about computer.2. 宾语从句I．that, whether, if引导的宾语从句They claimed that their team had won.I doubt whether/if they will be able to arrive here on time.II. 连接代词引导的宾语从句Do you know who invented the computer?He will do whatever the teacher asks him to do.III. 连接副词引导的宾语从句Does anybody know how or why it happened?He told me where he lived.IV. 作某些形容词的宾语有些动态形容词，作表语时，可跟that引导的意义上相当于宾语的从句。
这类形容词有：afraid, glad, confident, certain, sure等。
I’m sorry that I missed the football match.He is confident that computers will be used increasingly in English teaching.V. 使用宾语从句要注意的问题1. 形式宾语it在SVOC结构中，如果宾语是宾语从句，须用形式宾语it代替，而将宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后。
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.We consider it necessary that the instrument be adjusted each time it is used.2. 否定转移在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去。
I don’t think he has time to play chess with you.3. 宾语从句的替代在hope, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, think等动词以及“I’m afraid...”之后，可用so代替一个宾语从句，该宾语从句通常是上文提到的一件事。
—Do you think we will have good weather?—I hope so.其否定形式可用上述动词的否定式，或者not代替so。
I don’t believe so.I believe not.3. 表语从句I．that, whether引导表语从句One advantage of solar energy is that it will never run out.The question remains whether we should accept their invitation.II. 连接代词引导的表语从句The point is not who will go, but who will stay.III. 连接副词引导的表语从句What I want to know is when the broadcasting begins every morning.This is where our basic interest lies.4. 同位语从句I．常跟同位语从句的名词同位语从句用来表示名词的内容，对其加以解释。
能跟同位语从句的通常是具有一定内容含义的名词，常见的有：fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, proof, belief, suggestion, order, proposal, opinion, sign, thought, wish, question, problem, rumor等。
No one can deny the fact that he has made much progress.We were all overjoyed at the news that the performance turned out a success.II. 同位语从句的引导词同位语从句通常由that引导，但随着与其同位的名词不同，也可由whether, when, where, how, what, why等引导。
The question who should go abroad on this business tour requires consideration.They are faced with the problem whether they should continue the work.III. 同位语从句的位置同位语从句有时并不紧跟在有关名词后面，而是被其他词分隔开。
A saying goes that practice makes perfect.An idea occurred to him that he might borrow the money from his father.1. You should carefully think over the manager said at the meeting.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whose2. A warm thought suddenly came to me which I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.3. is known to us all is that the 2012 Olympic Games will be held in London.A. ItB. WhatC. AsD. Which4. He failed to live up to had been expected of him.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. all5. The old man was so angry and spoke so fast that none of his children understood that he meant.6. I know Jonathan quite will and never doubt he can do a good job of it.A. whetherB. thatC. whenD. what7. How close parents are to their children a strong influence on the development of the children’s character.A. haveB. hasC. havingD. had8. The fact came up specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. whose9. These wild flowers are so special that I would do I can to save them.A. whateverB. thatC. whichD. whichever10. There is no doubt you will pass the exam this time. You have worked so hard in the past months.A. whetherB. thatC. ifD. what11. After the fire, would otherwise be a cultural center is now reduced to a pile of ashes.A. thatB. itC. whichD. what定语从句定语从句在句子中起定语作用，修饰名词、代词，有时也可修饰一个句子或句子的部分。
被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。
引导定语从句的连接词有：关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词：when, where, why等。
1. 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句充当名词的修饰语，对先行词起限定作用，其内容与先行词关系密切。
若去掉此定语从句，剩下的部分则含义不明确、意义不完整或完全改变。
The news that had spread quickly through the town proved to be true.I want to buy the house which has a garden.The reason why he missed the bus was that he got up late.非限定性定语从句与先行词关系较松散，只是对先行词做进一步的解释、补充或说明。