住宅室内采暖系统节能设计方案（Energy saving design scheme of residential indoor heating system）The energy-saving design of residential indoor heating systemEnergy conservation is a long-term strategic policy of china. The Chinese government attaches great importance to energy saving work, especially after the reform and opening up energy-saving work appeared thriving situation. Energy saving for the heating industry potential is quite large. The heating industry is large energy consumption, energy consumption expenditure occupy most of its cost. Because the previous residential heating heat fee according to the area, there is much irrationality, and is not convenient for the users of local regulation, causing great waste heat heating. With the continuous development of the improvement of people's living and heating business, to achieve the heating system with heat metering and independent control is more and more high.In recent years, such problems in heating system design has been paid more and more attention. So it is necessary to meet the need of heat metering charges by using more suitable forms ofheating system in new residential. In such problems, especially should pay special attention to the energy utilization process before, namely the design of the heating system in the planning, should consider the prospects of energy saving and economic benefit of the system. The Ministry of construction construction 95 plan and the 2010 plan clearly pointed out that he civil construction and installation of central heating heat meter and related regulating equipment andthepromote to began success, pilot through 1998 work, metering implementation of small area in 2000 2010 in the new key city, comprehensive promotion. Therefore, in the design of indoor heating system, the designer should consider the needs of users of household heat and room temperature control. According to preliminary estimates, take household metering heating, heating and energy saving can be achieved more than 20%. In this paper, several kinds of household metering heating system for an analysis.2, the basic form of the old heating system and its advantages and disadvantagesFor a long time, basically adopts the single vertical system design design of city residential indoor heating system in china. (Figure 1) this design has many advantages: 1 simple and convenient construction system; 2; 3 low cost, but also has some defects, is not convenient for the users of local regulation, thus causing a waste of energy. With the change of energy structure and energy saving and property management requirements, this problem is more and more obvious, the heating system had to be replaced.With the development of our socialist market economy, hot is the view of commodities has gradually been recognized and accepted by people. The traditional method of backward construction area by clearing fees, is neither scientific nor reasonable. Has been unable to meet the requirements of socialist market economic system must be reformed, metering and charging. Heating charges by the planned economy period of the welfare system to socialist market economic system, namely the userThe fee. heating pay enterprises heating the heat to userof energy-saving heating system more and more attention. Single pipe vertical heating system defects more and more obvious, thedisadvantages in the following aspects:2.1 system does not have the ability of individual adjustmentThe main disadvantage of single pipe vertical heating system is not conducive to local regulation, to improve and meet the thermal comfort requirements of heat users. And because the system is the first hot water for residential buildings to the top, then turn down to the user, which in theory caused by the heat transfer coefficient of K radiator heat users on different floors of the values are not equal. The resulting top bottom overheating too cold, uneven phenomenon. The top user overheating only through the open doors and windows way to let the heat to reduce the indoor temperature, which resulted in a waste of energy. If by adjusting the hot water flow to reduce the room temperature, it will cause the following layers of supercooling phenomenon. Secondly, the system is unable to each room separately adjusted, resulting in a waste of energy.A waste of energy 2.2 system maintenanceThe single pipe vertical heating system is an integral part ofthe hot water circulation system. If the system has a facility Water Leakage or blocked, the whole system will be affected. May cause the whole building stop for serious; and will cause a lot of hot water in the maintenance of the waste,In the cold areas may appear serious problems such as water supply pipe burst, causing unnecessary accidents, affecting the normal life of the residents.2.3 is not conducive to the management of heating DepartmentFor users with difficult heating fee arrears, if you want to stop individual user heating, may affect the entire residential building for stop. Often this down, heating enterprises to make ends meet, years of losses.2.4 idle residential energy wasteAs the indoor heating system is a tube series, so each layer, each house must use heat, otherwise the system will not work correctly. If some users do not want to use heat or some residential long idle, this will inevitably lead to a waste ofenergy. At present in some non heating and heating in residential development areas, this phenomenon is very prominent.The development prospect and control principle, 3 household meteringAt present, in our country, the study of household metering system has just started, most of them in the trial stage. The indoor heating system for the original single and vertical system, lack of independent adjustment ability, heat users is commodity without a deep understanding of heat, lack of awareness of energy saving, only the energy consumption of residential heating units in China area is about 2 times higher in advanced countries, and does not facilitate the heating heatingmetering household the to According management. sector system heating is the direction of development, is the only way to solve difficult charge and saveenergy. With the improvement of living standards people are no longer satisfied with the full and warm, but the constant pursuit of high quality, high quality of life. In Jiangsu Huaian City, new housing each year nearlyone million square meters, the new residential mostly in the application of indoor heating, and the Huaian municipal government is currently only West courtyard heating system. Because the city residential indoor heating has just started, so it should be at the forefront of heating in the form of promotion, promotion prospects the implementation of single household heating in the form of control is very considerable.The characteristics of household metering heating system is controlled individually for each user that is independent of each household heating, using a water supply and return system, a table system, the user can separate regulation, shutdown, metering, does not affect other users. To achieve the fundamental method of household metering purpose is to control the user independent system, the specific approach is to set the table and the heat radiator installed on the valve in the household water supply at the entrance. By adjusting the radiator heating room temperature to satisfy the human thermal comfort requirements. Implementation method of radiator adjustment, mainly by controlling the heat dissipation, to meet the temperature requirements. The current regulation is achieved mainly depends on individual radiator radiator hotwater flow into the flow change, but must not affect the whole supply regulation method in radiator regulation, is mainly controlled by the heat dissipation, to meet the temperature requirements. The current regulation is achieved mainly depends on the individual radiator method changes into the flow radiator water flow, but must not affect the hydraulic stability of heating system in the radiator heating system regulation, so to improve the regulation and control measures and a high level of operation and management. Otherwise, it is difficult to achieve the true sense of the household metering.4, suitable for household metering heating system4.1 single control heating system4.1.1 horizontal one pipe systemHorizontal one pipe system is a relatively common heating system. It is a total of supply and return water system is provided in each apartment (called system), each user is a small independent system. The total supply and return water riser pipe in the kitchen by the stairs, each layer of supply andreturn water in contact with the large system (each layer only households), and adjust the valve is shut off and heat metering system in the small entrance pipeline, so that the household heat metering and charging. The advantages of this system are: vertical riser wear floor, does not affect the wall decoration; the shortcoming is: can not control room temperature; each radiator shall air valve; pipeline, the balcony must pass.4.1.2 (single level crossing systemFigure 3 the system principle diagram, with the same type of horizontal series one pipe system, using a large system, the system of supply and return water pipe arranged in the pipeline well.This design scheme should be added and the radiator group number corresponding to the number three valve, control the maximum flow into the radiator for circulating flow 30%. The advantages of this method are: to achieve room temperature control; vertical riser, does not affect the wall decoration; the shortcoming is: ancillary equipment in the pipeline (three valve); pipeline door, balcony should handle each radiator cold air valve shall be provided.4.2 pipe heating system4.2.1 double riser parallel systemFor the double riser parallel system, any layer as long as the user in the radiator pipe and valve can achieve regulating media flow, so as to satisfy the requirements of thermal comfort and energy saving. But this adjustment is in use, should consider the following questions: (a) in the number of floors too prone to the phenomenon of serious vertical imbalance, the vertical height of not more than three layers is appropriate, practical restrictions. (b) across the floor of the riser number. (c) only method suitable for installation of the system heat distribution table adjustment, mainly by controlling the heat dissipation, to meet the temperature requirements. The current regulation is achieved mainly depends on the individual radiator method changes into the flow radiator water flow, but must not affect the hydraulic stability of heating system in the radiator heating system regulation, so to improve the regulation and control measures and a high level of operation and management.4, suitable for household metering heating system4.1 single control heating system4.1.1 horizontal one pipe systemHorizontal one pipe system is a relatively common heating system. It is a total of supply and return water system is provided in each apartment (called system), each user is a small independent system. The total supply and return water riser pipe in the kitchen by the stairs, each layer of supply and return water in contact with the large system (each layer only households), and adjust the valve is shut off and heat metering system in the small entrance pipeline, so that the household heat metering and charging. The advantages of this system are: vertical riser wear floor, does not affect the wall decoration; the shortcoming is: can not control room temperature; each radiator shall air valve; pipeline, the balcony must pass.4.1.2 single level crossing systemWith the same type of horizontal series one pipe system, using a large system, the system of supply and return water pipe arranged in the pipeline well. This design scheme should be added and the radiator group number corresponding to the number three valve, control the maximum flow into the radiator for circulating flow 30%. The advantages of this method are: to achieve room temperature control; vertical riser, does not affect the wall decoration; the shortcoming is: ancillary balconydoor, pipeline valve); (three pipeline the in equipment should handle each radiator cold air valve shall be provided.4.2 pipe heating system4.2.1 double riser parallel systemFor the double riser parallel system, any layer as long as the user in the radiator pipe and valve can achieve regulating media flow, so as to satisfy the requirements of thermal comfort and energy saving. But this adjustment is in use, should consider the following questions: (a) in the number of floors too prone to the phenomenon of serious vertical imbalance, the verticalheight of not more than three layers is appropriate, practical restrictions. (b) across the floor of the riser number. (c) system is only applicable to the installation of heat distribution table.The level of 4.2.2 pipe systemThe design scheme of double level, can avoid the double riser parallel system of vertical imbalance, and the system can realize an independent system for household heat meter installation, can realize the regulation of individual radiator. Any layer users can conveniently adjust the medium flow through the indoor control valve, so as to achieve a comfortable room temperature, and to achieve the purpose of saving energy, and does not affect other users of heating, but the system should be added and the radiator group number corresponding to the number three valve. The advantages of the scheme that the problem of vertical imbalance of heating system temperatureroom improved; greatly be can solve to easy not iscontrol,The adjusting performance is better than single pipe system; wall vertical riser, does not affect the disadvantages are: indoor decoration; the lower part of the radiator for backwater pipeline, the balcony door hidden difficulties; bad treatment; cold air valve shall be installed on each radiator5, should pay attention to the problems in the design of heating systemAlthough the household metering has powerful promotion in the new residential area, but in the implementation process inevitably there are some problems in the design of heating system, building design, instrument selection, management etc..5.1 heating system heat load calculation and indoor radiatorHeat load calculation is the basis of heating system design, the design for fear of heating is not blindly increase the hot load value, so that the radiator installation area is too large, will not be conducive to the regulation of temperature control valve on the radiator pipe, the heat index should choose areasonable estimation method. The indoor radiator location to a reasonable layout, indoor level pipeline will increase, with the existing pipeline space, the influence of interior decoration, furniture layout and balcony doors, difficult to deal with such problems.The 5.2 building materials on the heat transfer performance requirementsThe new building materials can meet the requirements of modern energy-saving room, the heat transfer performance of building materials is ideal. Heating and heat loss of buildings is mainly constituted by the heat retaining structure, accounting for about 73%~77%, followed by the penetration of heat through the air gap of doors and windows, accounting for about 23%~27%, in the heat wall accounted for 23%~34%, thus improving the building insulation performance will reach a good energy saving effect. In addition, the calculation shows that for a non heating room from around the room to obtain the heat transfer can be maintained at 12~14 at room temperature, other users have nearly 1/4~1/5 of the heat to the room, other users will pay more for this part of the heat fee is not reasonable. Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the house building structure 5.3 heat insulation performance parameters correction and meter checking problem because the envelope tenants are located, different, there must be differences in the same room temperature to keep the heat consumption, heat meter parameters should be chosen so reasonable. My unit meter at the same table, user verification, heat fee settlement occurred in the dispute. Moreover, the organization of specialized personnel should regularly check meter.5.4 flow heating systemSince the implementation of household metering system, the change of heat load will be very frequent, so the heating system should be able to automatically adjust the amount of heating, the heat load of the track changes required. Should be in the heat exchange station is provided with a device of differential pressure control.5.5 residential setting household metering device, to strengthen energy-saving publicity to raise awareness of energy conservation.Put forward higher requirements for the management of 5.6 heating enterprises.6, conclusionIn summary, for the design of heating system in residential district planning and design, if reasonable, can not only realize the system control and measurement function better, and can reduce energy waste, improve heating social benefits and considerable economic benefits.。