环境工程、市政工程专业2010级研究生专业英语试卷姓名：专业学号分数
一．将以下简称用英文拼写完整（10×1.0，共10分）
COD
SBR
UASB
MLVSS
HRT
POPs
DO
TSP
CAST
ABR
二．将下列中文词汇译成英文（40×1.0，共40分）
污染物浓度
下水道冲击负荷
有机的异养的
浓度好氧细菌
预处理机械曝气
微生物絮状物
氯化物水解作用
参数酶
可生物降解的抑制的
氧气脱氮除磷
胶体的初沉池
格栅充水比
活性污泥泥龄
曝气池氧化沟
新陈代谢人工湿地
硝酸盐颗粒活性碳
富营养化污泥处置
絮凝剂厌氧消化
吸附生物硝化
反渗透膜排放标准
三将下列段落翻译成中文（3×10.0，共30分）
1. In aerobic processes (i.e. molecular oxygen is present), heterotrophic bacteria (those obtaining carbon from organic compounds) oxidize about one-third of the colloidal and dissolved organic matter to stable end products (CO2+H2O) and convert the remaining two-thirds into new microbial cells that can be removed from the wastewater by settling. Ever since the importance of wastewater treatment became recognized, municipalities and industries have relied almost exclusively on aerobic rather than anaerobic biological processes for treating their liquid organic wastes. Aerobic treatment has predominated because of its simplicity, stability, efficient and rapid conversion of organic contaminants to microbial cells, and relatively odor-free operation.
2 Wastewaters from industries include employees’ sanitary wastes, process wastes from manufacturing, wash waters, and relatively uncontaminated water from heating and cooling operations. The wastewaters from processing are the major concern. They vary widely with the type of industry. In some cases, pretreatment to remove certain contaminants or equalization to reduce hydraulic load may be mandatory before the wastewater can be accepted into the municipal system. In contrast with the relatively consistent characteristics of domestic sewage, industrial wastewaters often have quite different characteristics, even for similar industries. For this reason, extensive studies may be necessary to assess pretreatment requirements and the effect of the wastewater on biological processes.
3. Modification to the basic oxidation ditch design can be made to achieve nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The key to obtaining nitrogen removal is the proper control of dissolved oxygen levels in different sections of the oxidation ditch, and the maintenance of adequate mass of bacteria under aerobic and anoxic conditions. To meet more stringent total nitrogen effluent limits a separate anoxic channel or basin outside the ditch channels may be added. Holding mixed liquid under anaerobic conditions is required for enhanced biological phosphorus removal. This can be accomplished in either a nonaerated channel or by adding an anaerobic basin before the aerobic oxidation ditch channel.
四将下列句子翻译成英文（5×4.0，共20分）
1. 充氧池内溶解氧含量至少应保持在1.5~
2.0mg/L。
2. 在这些众多的分类中，干燥工艺随干燥剂类型而不同。
3. 表1中给出了废水处理厂三次连续反渗透试验的分析数据，这些数据用于评价在连续实验过程中，温度对分离性能的影响。
4 基于短程硝化和厌氧氨氧化的自养脱氮工艺是生物脱氮领域研究的热点，它的发现为低碳氮比废水的处理提供了新的思路。
近些年来，人们陆续开发了SHARON, ANAMMOX, CANON, OLAND等自养生物脱氮工艺，进一步推动了高效、低耗脱氮技术的开发和研究。
5. 为了应对新的饮用水水质标准，传统的共沉积、离子交换、膜处理、电絮凝、吸附等技术取得了新的进展。
新材料的稳定性、高选择性、廉价性是未来新技术研究与开发的重要研究方向。