SONNET 18 (William Shakespeare)十四行诗Shall I compare thee to a summer's dayThou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,An d often is his gold complexion dimm’d,And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature's changing course untrimm’d:But thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st, Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in h is shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st. So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.我怎么能够将你比作夏天你比夏天更美丽温婉。

狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，夏日的勾留何其短暂。

休恋那烈日当空，转眼会云雾迷蒙；休叹那百花凋零，摧折于无常天命；唯有你永恒的夏日长新，你的美貌亦毫发无损。

死神也无缘将你幽禁，你在我永恒的诗中长存。

只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。

Structure: Runs in iambic pentameter, rhymed ABAB CDCD EFEF GG.1. What is the theme of this sonnet Eternality, beauty, immorality2. Why is the speaker’s beloved more lovely than a summer’s dayOne thing he is thinking of is how short lived summer is. Another reason he says his love is more beautiful than a summer day is that the summer whether can be harsh, making nature look less beautiful than it does otherwise.3.There is obviously a shift of tone and subject matter in line 9. Describe such a shift.The author compared the loved one, just in a soft and sentimental tone similar to many love sonnets, to a summer’s day in the first 4 lines, while, in the following 4, developing this concept to the poor power of people falling to retain the fair against Nature. But in line9, the author reversed it in a more emotional and definite tone to express the eternal youth of the loved ones.I Hear America Singing (Walt Whitman) 我听见美国在歌唱（沃尔特·惠特曼）I hear America singing, the varied carols I hear.Those of mechanics, each one singing his as it should be blithe and strong,The carpenter singing his as he measures his plank or beam,The mason singing his as he makes ready for work,or leaves off work,The boatman singing what belongs to him in his boat, the deckhand singing on the steamboat deck, The shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench, the hatter singing as he stands,The wood-cutter's song, the ploughboy's on his way in the morning, or at noon intermission or at sundown,The delicious singing of the mother, or of the young wife at work, or of the girl sewing or washing, Each singing what belongs to him or her and to none else,The day what belongs to the day--at night the party of young fellows, robust, friendly, Singing with open mouths their strong melodious songs.我听见美国在歌唱，我听见各种不同的颂歌机器匠在歌唱着，他们每人歌唱着他的愉快而强健的歌，木匠在歌唱着，一边比量着他的木板或梁木，泥瓦匠在歌唱着，当他准备工作或停止工作的时候，船家歌唱着他船里所有的一切，水手在汽艇的甲板上歌唱着，鞋匠坐在他的工作凳上歌唱，帽匠歌唱着，站在那里工作，伐木者、犁田青年们歌唱着，当他们每天早晨走在路上，或者午间歇息，或到了日落的时候，我更听到母亲的美妙的歌，正在操作的年轻的妻子们的或缝衣或洗衣的女孩子们的歌，每人歌唱属于他或她而不是属于任何别人的一切，白昼歌唱白昼所有的，晚间，强壮而友爱的青年们的集会，张嘴唱着他们的强健而和谐的歌。

are the people in this poem What do they representThe carpenter, mechanics, Mason boatman, shoemaker, wood-cutter, hatter, ploughboy2. Discuss the theme of “I Hear America Singing”He thinks the American fabric is composed of working individuals./ He believes that the essence of American identity is reflected in the working individuals who comprise a different aspect of the national character through the completion of individual tasks.I Sit and Look Out 我坐而眺望by Walt Whitman ——沃尔特·惠特曼I sit and look out upon all the sorrows of the world,and upon all oppression and shame,我坐观世间所有的悲哀，压迫和羞辱，I hear secret convulsive sobs from young men at anguish with themselves, remor seful after deeds done,我听见年轻人悄悄地啜泣，为自己的所作所为痛苦，懊悔不已，I see in low life the mother misused by her children, dying,neglected, gaunt,desperate,我看见母亲被自己的孩子虐待，绝望憔悴，奄奄一息，无人问津，I see the wife misused by her husband, I see the treacherous seducer of youn g women,我看见妇女被自己的丈夫虐打，奸诈的骗子诱哄纯真的少女，I mark the ranklings of jealousy and unrequited love attempted to be hid, I see these sights on the earth,我看见世界上那些目光中极力想要隐藏的怨恨的嫉妒和暗恋，I see the workings of battle, pestilence, tyranny, I see martyrs and prisoners,我看见战争，瘟疫和暴政，我看见烈士与囚犯，I observe a famine at sea, I observe the sailors casting lots who shall be ki ll'd to preserve the lives of the rest,我看见海上的一场饥荒，我看见船员们抽签决定牺牲谁来为其他人提供食物，以保全其他人的生命，I observe the slights and degradations cast by arrogant persons upon laborers, t he poor, and upon negroes, and the like; 我看见劳工，穷人，黑人以及诸如此类的人遭受着傲慢之人的蔑视与侮辱，All these-all the meanness and agony without end I sitting look out upon,所有这些——这所有无穷无尽的卑鄙与痛苦，我坐而眺望，See, hear, and am silent. 看着，听着，沉默着。