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虚拟语气课件范文

虚拟语气课件范文
Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气
1. 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件,是虚拟条件最普通的方式。

①虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形,例如:If I were in your position I would marry her.
②虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.
③大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种,但并不排除存在条件和后果中,一个和现在情况相反,另一个和过去情况相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。

④但是,如果后果用了虚拟语气,而条件却用陈述语气,这种用法是错的。

2. 除了表示虚假条件外,if从句还可以表示对将来的推测,由于是将来还没有发生的,所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的,只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。

一般情况下,可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测,这个事实是完全可能发生的。

If
从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形,
主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形,例如:Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.
4. 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达,但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达,副词otherwise等表达出来。

例如:We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.值得注意的是,包含but for的句子,谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式,但包含without等短语的句子,谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。

5. 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来,而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里,于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句,例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里,如果主句没有用虚拟语气,或者从句用了虚拟语气,都是错的。

Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1. 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中,需用虚拟语气。

(wish后的that 常省略),根据主句时态,从句谓语时态相应退后一位,例如:How she wished his family could go with him.
除此之外,上述动词也要求用虚拟式
①在It is+上述动词的过去分词,其后所跟的主语从句中,如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.
②在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词,其后的表语从
句中,例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.
③在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中,如:The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.
3. would (had)rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。

谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反,例如:I would rather he went right now.
Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气
1. it is +necessary等形容词后,that主语从句中虚拟形式使用,这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等,例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
2. 在It's (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。

谓语动词用过去式,例如It is high time that you went to school
3. 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应
用(谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同)表示与现在事实
相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。

例如:He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想
象中的动作或情况,谓语动词用过去完成式。

4. 在lest 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用虚拟语气,(should )+ 动词原形。

例如: The mad man was put in the
soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.
5. 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。

谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。

例如: Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.
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