2011考研英语强化写作电子讲义主讲：王江涛欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材第一节一、课程安排：1、考研写作总论：1）最新真题2）学习方法2、段落写作：1）框架结构2）启承转合3、大作文万能框架：4、大作文总结：考研写作六大必考话题5、小作文：1）书信类应用文：书信、备忘录、报告2）摘要：3）告示类应用文：二、最新真题：Part BDirections:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)考研大作文四大必考段落：∙1) 图画/表描述：∙ 97-10共13考∙2) 意义阐释：00-10共11考∙3) 建议措施/归纳结论：∙ 92-10共17考∙4)举例论证: 01,04,07共3考As is symbolically illustrated in the portrayal, there is a boiling hot pot containing various ingredients of multi-cultures. These pluralistic cultures can be categorized as celebrities home and abroad as Bi Sheng, Lao She, Shakespeare and Einstein, philosophical concepts as Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, benevolence, ritual, humanism, Enlightenment, post-modernism and deconstruction, as well as performing arts as Beijing Opera, Gong Fu, Liang Zhu and Swan Lake. We are informed that the culture “hot pot” is both delicious and nutritious.三、学习方法：考研写作参考资料：王江涛的博客：/jtwang首页左侧：分类：考研复习：2010考研成绩交流贴《2011考研英语高分写作》（王江涛编著，群言出版社，2010年3月版）《仙之道长的考研写作课》（王江涛著，陕西师范大学出版社，2010年9月版）1、背诵：20大必背范文，滚瓜烂熟！脱口而出！多多益善！2、默写：仔细对比原文，发现写作弱点3、仿写：提高写作实力！考研写作六大必考话题：∙（1）健康：2考，96、97∙（2）两代关系：3考∙ 92、03、05∙（3）环境：4考∙ 91、99、00、09小∙（4）爱心：3考95、01、06小（5）文化：5考∙ A. 文化交流：02、10∙ B. 流行文化：93、06、09∙（6）青年面对社会：4考∙ 03、04、07、08四、时间分配2:00——2:15 写作A节2:15——2:50 写作B节2:50——4:00 阅读A节4:00——4:20 阅读B节4:20——4:40 阅读C节4:40——5:00 完形填空第二节一、考研大作文框架结构：3段，12句左右，160-250词，5-7个关联词，5-7个从句（多多益善）1、Introduction：第一段，3句左右1）图画/表作文：图画/表描述（1）General description：总体描述（人物+动作+环境或数据变化规律），1句（2）Details 1, 2, 3：细节描述（挖掘细节词，串联成句），1句（3）Caption/Symbolic meaning：文字说明或象征寓意，1句2）提纲/情景作文：现状说明（1）Background information：背景交代，1句（2）General talk of the topic：引出主题，1句（3）Thesis: state specifically what your opinion is：确立论点，1句大作文四大要素❝1）描述：第一段，图画描述❝2）象征寓意：1句，全文中心思想，首段尾句或二段首句，承上启下，画龙点睛❝3）分析：第二段，意义阐释❝4）评论：第三段，建议措施2、Body：第二段，意义阐释，5句左右1）Topic sentence：Sym bolic meaning，主题句，象征寓意，1句2）Argument：论证，3句左右，考研写作四大论证手段（1）Cause and Effect：因果论证（2）Exemplification：举例论证A.Numerous examples can be given, but this/these will suffice.B.I can think of no better illustration than the following one(s).C.This/These case(s) effectively clarify that…考研写作三大钻石定律❝ 1.写想到的第二个词或句子❝ 2. 写的每个词或句子最好背过3. 错误的复杂句不如正确的简单句（3）联系现实：以小见大，把握象征寓意，个体想为群体，具体想为抽象02：❝Look!❝What a beautiful girl!❝She must be 20 years old,❝dressing some jewels and accessories.She looks like one of my classmate,❝only a bit fatter.❝She is smiling like an angler to me.❝How I wish to take a photo with her !!!❝❝become international❝走向世界❝这个美国小女孩代表很多外国人。
The American girl represents a great many foreigners.❝中式传统服装象征着中国文化。
❝The traditional Chinese costume symbolizes Chinese culture.美国小女孩穿着中式服装这个事实证明了中国文化走向了世界。
❝The fact that(引导同位语从句) the American girl wears traditional Chinese costume indicates/suggests that(引导宾语从句) Chinese culture has beenaccepted internationally.（4）正反论证：3）Summary：小结，概括论证，总结本段，1句3、Conclusion：第三段，归纳结论/建议措施，4句左右1）Concluding sentence：结论句，呼应象征寓意，1句2）Suggestions 1、2：两句结论或两点建议（针对双方提建议），2句3）包装结尾、展望未来：1句，考研写作三大优秀句型（1）倒装句：Only in this way can we solve this problem.只有这样我们才能解决这个问题。
（2）强调句：It is persistent work that is conducive to your grasping aconsiderable vocabulary.只有长期学习才有助于你掌握大的词汇量。
（3）虚拟语气：It is high time that we improved the present situation.我们早就该改进现状了。
二、启承转合：李白《登金陵凤凰台》凤凰台上凤凰游，凤去台空江自流。
吴宫花草埋幽径，晋代衣冠成古丘。
三山半落青天外，一水中分白鹭洲。
总为浮云能蔽日，长安不见使人愁。
1、启动观点，开篇点题2、观点承接，正面论证3、观点转折，反面论证4、文章结尾，归纳结论第三节一、考研写作八大高分技巧：❝ 1. 大量使用不同主语：以10为例❝1) Multi-culture is vital.❝2) I maintain that multi-culture is crucial.❝3) It is essential.❝4) (Promoting cultural development) is significant.❝5) (To promote cultural development) is of great importance.❝It is of great importance (to promote cultural development).❝6) (That we should promote cultural development) is of utmost significance.❝ It is of utmost significance (that we should promote cultural development).❝ 2.大量使用被动语态：❝ 3. 大量使用主系表结构：❝ 4.大量使用不同时态：❝ 5.大量使用定语状语：❝1）形容词、副词：❝2）词组：❝ a great many students❝ the majority of students❝3）不定式：❝ a student (to crack NETEM)❝4）介词短语： a student in NOS❝5）分词短语：❝ (1) 现在分词短语：❝ a student (being 22)❝ (2) 过去分词短语：❝ a student (born in Beijing)❝6）从句：定语/状语从句❝ 6. 大量使用精彩词组:❝ universally acknowledge❝7. 大量使用精彩句型：❝ It is universally acknowledged that …❝（Pride and Prejudice）❝8、大量使用精彩从句：❝小作文3-5个，❝大作文5-7个，多多益善！❝1）定语、状语、宾语从句❝2）主语、表语、同位语从句二、大作文万能框架：∙（一）第一段：∙第一句：∙08:∙with the rapid/speedy social and economic development,∙the number of the young who help each other sharply increases∙09：the number of the young who (get on line) sharply increases.∙10:∙文化融合日益流行∙cultural integration is becoming increasingly popular.第二句：08∙In the picture, there are two disabled/handicapped young men/people who are supporting each other with their firm hands.09：∙In the picture, there are a good many people who are surfing on line withina spider web.10∙In the picture, there are various ingredients such as Bi Sheng, Lao She, Dao, kung fu in a hot pot.第二段：08∙cooperation∙Owing to （selfishness）,∙the number of adolescents （cooperating with others） has obviously shrunk.∙how the juvenile could succeed∙society09：∙communication∙Owing to （Internet）,∙the number of adolescents （directly communicating with others） has obviously shrunk.∙real friendship and kinship∙society10：∙cultural blending∙Owing to (globalization), the number of adolescents (admiring western culture) has obviously risen.∙our traditional culture∙society第三段：∙necessary∙effective/some∙steps/actions∙legislate/enact/issue∙and regulations/rules∙regulate∙cultivate/increase∙extremely∙assume∙surmountmore brilliant08：∙encourage teenagers to associate with others∙joint/cooperative efforts are∙齐心协力、众志成城∙youngsters∙improve the present situation09：∙Internet∙approaching others is∙youngsters∙improve the present situation10：∙promote cultural development positively∙multi-cultures are∙splendid and glorious cultural heritage/legacy∙辉煌灿烂的文化遗产∙improve the present situation第四节大作文总结：考研写作六大必考话题❝（一）健康：教材P.28❝physical health 生理健康❝mental fitness 心理健康❝keep optimistic 保持乐观❝pessimistic 悲观的❝commit suicide 自杀❝do physical exercises 进行体育锻炼❝well-balanced diet 均衡饮食❝infectious diseases 传染病（二）环境：教P.29,31,讲P.15,16❝environmental protection 环境保护❝keep ecological balance 保持生态平衡❝sustainable development strategy❝可持续发展战略❝save the energy 节约能源（节能）❝reduce the emission of greenhouse gases 减少温室气体排放（减排）❝greenhouse effect 温室效应clean renewable energy 清洁可再生能源❝low carbon economy 低碳经济❝deforestation 滥砍滥伐❝desertification 沙漠化❝water and soil erosion 水土流失❝sandstorm 沙尘暴 snowstorm 雪灾❝typhoon 台风 flood洪水❝earthquake 地震2010年春季/夏季中国西南地区遭受严重旱灾/水灾。