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五种基本句型

简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。

这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。

换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。

这五个基本句式如下:S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语基本句型一:S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,这些动词常见的有:appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。

如:1). 学生们学习很努力。

_____________________________________2). 她再次向我道歉。

_______________________________________3). 事故是昨天晚上发生的。

_____________________________________补充: 少数不及物动词后面能跟一个相同意义的名词作宾语,这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的,这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。

常见的能带同源宾语的动词有:lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等。

例如:4). Under the leadership of the Party, the peasants lead a happy life.5). I dreamed a terrible dream last night.6). Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August. 。

7). He died a glorious death.基本句型二: S十V十P主系表结构这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类:A. 表示状态的连系动词。

这些词有:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。

如:8) We should _________ __________any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚。

9) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。

______________________________________________.B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。

这些词有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等。

10) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。

11) Don't have the food. _____________________. 不要吃那种食物,它已经变质了。

12) The fact __________ ___________. 这个事实证明是正确的。

基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。

同时,句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。

作宾语的成分常是:名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。

如:13) 我昨天看了一部电影。

___________________________________________.14) You place me in a difficult situation._______________________________________。

15)They finally managed to get along with us. __________________________________。

16)They have ________ ________ ________ of the children.这些孩子他们照看得很好。

17)I don’t like being treated like this.________________________________。

基本句型四: S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构(O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语)这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”。

如:18)Yesterday her father _______________ ________ _____ __________as a birthday present. 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。

19) The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.__________________________________________________这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型:A. 动词+直接宾语+for sb.;B. 动词+直接宾语+to sb.。

20) Please show me your picture.==Please _________ ________ __________ _____ _____. 请把你的画给我看一下。

21) I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart.==I'll offer ____ _________ ____________ _______ ________ as long as you don't lose heart. 只要你不失去信心,我会给你提供机会的。

基本句型五: S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构这种句型中的宾语+补语可统称为“复合宾语”, 作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。

如:22)Keep ________________________________, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。

23)他把墙漆成白色。

______________________________________________________.24)我们发现他是一个诚实的______________________________________________.(注意:动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。

如:25)The boss made him do the work all day. ____________________________________。

句型一主语+系动词+表语[讲解](1) 系动词的三种分类:表示“保持或状态”类的有be, remain, stay, keep, prove等;表示“变化”类的有grow, turn, get, become, fall, go, come等;表示“感官”类的有look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem, appear等。

例如:I am a senior school student while he is a junior one. 我是高中生,他是初中生。

After four years, Tom became a doctor/ turned doctor. 四年后,汤姆成了一名医生。

The story sounds interesting and instructive. 这故事听起来既有趣,又有教育意义。

(2) 可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、副词(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词(短语)等。

如:In order to keep healthy, he takes exercise everyday. (形容词作表语)In my mind, mother is my hero. (名词作表语)Look! Your pet dog is there. (副词作表语)The schoolbags come in different sizes. (介词短语作表语) You’ve changed a lot.You are not what you were. (表语从句作表语)Many passengers got injured in the accident. (过去分词作表语)The machine keeps running for a long time. (现在分词短语作表语)(3) 使用系动词应注意的地方:第一,没有被动语态;第二,一般没有进行时(除了feel以外);第三,有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词。

如:keep, grow, taste, feel, get, smell 等。

第四,非谓语一般用现在分词(这一点仅作了解,高中阶段将涉及。

)例如:After two-day’s treatment, he felt well again. (不用was felt)He remains an excellent engineer in the factory. (不用is remained)比较以下句子:The pet dog keeps clean. It is kept by Johnson. (keeps是系动词,而kept是及物动词)We grew some trees around our school and they grow green now. (grew是及物动词,grow是系动词)Just now I felt the table and it felt smooth. (第一个felt是及物动词,而第二个是系动词)[练习] 选择一个合适的词或根据汉语提示填空,注意动词的适当形式。

(1) I __________(remain / keep / stay) a nurse while he has __________(turn / become) engineer.(2) Put the meat in the refrigerator (冰箱). It __________ (go / get / turn / become) bad easily.(3) What he said __________(sound / look / smell / taste) reasonable.(4) He feels __________(comfortable / comfortably) working in the air-conditioned office.(5) We do morning exercises to __________(keep / turn / become) healthy.(6) The apple __________(tastes / is tasted) sweet.(7) Please keep __________(安静); The baby has fallen __________(睡着).(8) They work day and night to make their dream come __________(实现).句型二主语+不及物动词[讲解] (1)不及物动词不能直接加宾语。

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