第一章考题基本规律·所有考题均围绕人文话题，从未出现科学技术方面的考题。
·英译汉要求高于汉译英要求，前者只要“达意”，后者则还要“传神”。
·首选顺译，不会出大错。
·英译汉，直译为主；汉译英，意译为主；时间紧迫，可以“译述”。
·用两种文化去思维，比如在英翻中时不能随意套用汉语成语。
·其他注意事项：1，不要遗漏或曲解原文信息。
2，词汇、句式恰当而多变。
3，与原文风格一致。
4，翻译头几句要格外用心，提高印象分。
第二章汉译英翻译技巧一，词的翻译1，词义选择（1）语境词手机刷新了人与人的关系。
Cell phone has altered the relationship among people.（2）表意模糊的词这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才。
The national key university has prepared batches of qualified graduates for the society.（3）比喻词汇老师答应给这几个学生“开小灶”。
The teacher promised to give these students special tuition.2，词义转换：英语的静态性和抽象性决定其出现名词化和介词化的倾向。
（1）动词转名词吃头两个菜时，也是赞不绝口。
You will be full of praise while eating the first main courses.（2）动词转介词这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。
Thus, every place, with its own legends and tales, has its traditions and customs passed onfrom generation to generation.（3）动词转形容词所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并且深深地依赖着。
Therefore, everyone has become unanimously and profoundly dependent on Nature.（4）形容词副词转名词只有这些生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。
…leaving there living thins to enjoy this moment of dusk with full ease and freedom.（5）名词转动词大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。
People, poor or rich, are equally favored by Nature.3，词的增补（1）语法需要：增补的词多为冠词、名词、代词、连词、介词。
面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全抛到一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。
When facing a pool of green water, you forgot all your worries and annoyance and enjoy agood rest, both mentally and physically.在我所呆的三年半中，共有14位学生被招进了他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。
During the three and a half years I stayed at the lab, a total of 14 students were recruited to his lab, but only 5 of them got their doctor’s degrees at last.（2）意思表达需要世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新概念的博物馆。
The third generation museums in the world are run on entirely new concepts.（3）文化背景解释的需要黄鼠狼给鸡拜年。
The weasel goes to pay his respects to the hen——not with the best of wishes.4，词的减省于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。
Then happiness turns to anger, praise to scolding and nit-picking, and head-nodding to head-shaking.用点画成线，用线画成平面，用平面画成立体。
With points you can make a line; with lines, planes; with planes, solids.5，词的替代（1）名词成分替代：用代词替代重复出现的名词（this/that/all/both/none/some/any/who/which/whose）；用名词性代词替代重复出现的名词（enough/half/the former/the latter/the one）；同义词替代。
另一种方法是化学方法。
Another method is the chemical approach.（2）谓语成分替代你说他很勤奋，他确实很勤奋。
You say he is diligent, so he is.成绩有双重性，错误也有双重性。
Achievement has a dual character, so do mistakes.（3）分句替代你会来出席会议吗？假如不出席会议，请及早通知我们。
Will you attend the meeting? If not, please notice us as soon as possible.二，句子翻译1，确立主干（1）确立主语·避免主语机械对应这个地区雨比较多。
It rains a lot in this area.·方位词或时间词在主语位置山下住着一位老妇人。
There lives an old lady at the foot of the mountain.·用it做主语翻译主语是复合结构的汉语信不信是你的事。
It is your concern whether you believe me or not.最好是等他们回来。
It is advisable to wait till they come back.勤能补拙It is diligence that makes for deficiency.（2）确立谓语：英语的动词通常只能由某个动词或者系表结构担任。
在人际关系上我们不要太浪漫主义。
We shouldn’t be too romantic abo ut personal relationship.当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。
As long as he is living, he always work and study as hard as possible, unwilling to dream his life away, let alone waste even a single moment of life.2，语序调整（1）定语的位置：英语中，单词充当定语时多为前置，短语和从句充当定语时多为后置。
钓鱼是一项能陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。
Fishing is an outdoor sport that can cultivate your mind and it is good for your mental andphysical health.（2）状语的位置他是1970年5月20日在北京朝阳区出生的。
He was born in Chaoyang District of Beijing on May 20, 1970.（3）汉英语言叙事重心不同：汉语先叙事，后表态或评论，以突出话题，这叫主题句。
汉译英有时会译为掉尾句，即先表态或评论，后叙事，以突出主语。
万一有什么困难，给我们一个信。
Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.（4）汉英语言强弱词语的顺序不同：英语遵循前轻后重，前简后繁的原则。
救死扶伤，实行革命的人道主义。
Heal the wounded, rescue the dying, practice the revolutionary humanitarianism.一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗忘的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。
In no time, I was thrown into a feeling of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and abandoned by the rest of the world and could not help crying my heart out.（5）否定的转移不是所有的金属都具有同样好的导电性能。
All metals do not conduct electricity equally well.我的朋友都不吸烟。
None of my friends smoke.（6）习惯用法衣食住行是老百姓关心的大问题。
Food, clothing, shelter and transportation are the biggest concern of the common people.他饥寒交迫，吃了不少苦。
He suffered a great deal from cold and hunger.3，正反互换（1）汉语正说，英语反译那个房间总是关着的。
The windows of that room were never open.（2）汉语反说，英语反译·汉语用“无、不、没、非”等词表示全部否定，在英语中可用no, not, none, nothing, nor, neither等词以及否定前缀、后缀等来对应翻译。
学习外语离不开好的词典。
A good dictionary is indispensable for learning a foreign language.·汉语用“决不、永不、从不”等词表示绝对否定，在英语中可用never, not at all, by no means等进行对译。
在任何情况下我们都不应该放弃希望。
Under no circumstances should we give up our hope.·汉语用“并非总是”“不是太”等表示部分否定，在英语中可用not every, not much, not always等进行对译。