Quirk et al (Grammar of Contemporary English, 1972: 14): The fact that…the “Common Core” dominates all the varieties means that, however esoteric or remote a variety may be, it has running through it a set of grammatical and other characteristics that are present in all others. It is presumably this fact that justifies the application of the name “English”.
two varieties 4. The Social meaning of Language
varieties 5. Summary
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1. Different views on Varieties
Classification according to user, use and social relations—
Varieties; Enthic Varieties; Gender Varieties;Age Varieties Range of intelligibility(可理解性的范围） standard；non-satandard
3. In what way can stylistic study help us achieve adaptation in translation ?
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Lead in
Policeman: What’s your name, boy? Black psychiatrist: Dr Poussaint. I am a
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Classification 1
User: historical varieties, regional dialect, social dialect
Use: legal, journalistic, business, scientific, literary
Social relations: medium—oral/ written and status/ attitude
Classification 3(侯维瑞) *情景变体：语域 *地方变体：地域方言 *社会变体：社会方言—社会阶层、民族、性别、年龄、
行业团体、俚语（社会变体与情景变体的混合） *功能变体：功能文体—文学、广告、新闻、科技、法律 *时间变体：tin Joos根据语体的正式程度把语 言分为五类
Sociolinguist Joshua Fishaman suggested that we consider “who speaks (or writes) what language (or what language variety) to whom and when and to what end.”(1972: 46)
Consultative:
Goodbye. Have a good weekend.
Casual:
Bye now – take care.
Intimate:
later, darlin’.
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2.Two kinds of Varieties
2.1 Dialectal Varieties: Dialects
(1)熟近(intimate) (2)随便(casual) (3)商榷(consultative) (4)正式(formal) (5)僵化(frozen)
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Partings
Frozen:
Farewell, and Godspeed.
Formal:
Goodbye. We look forward to seeing you again.
physician. Policeman: What’s your first name, boy? Black psychiatrist: Alvin
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Outline
1. Different views on Varieties 2. Two Kinds of Varieties 3. The Mutual Dependence between
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Classification 2 (张德禄) Personal letters, tourist guide, foreign trade
writing, news reporting, comments, advertising, scientific writing, official document, biography, practical speeches, legal documents, religious writings
3.Varieties of Language
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Questions
1.In what way can stylistic study help us Cultivate a Sense of Appropriateness
2.In what way can stylistic study help us sharpen the understanding and appreciation of literary works ?
2.2 Diatypic Varieties: Registers (P25)
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2.1. Dialects
Individual Dialects---Idiolect Temporal Dialect： Old English/ Middle
English/ Modern English Regional Dialect Social Dialect--- Social Economic Status