Article 冠词冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面帮助指明名词的含义。
冠词分为不定冠词a（an）和定冠词the两种。
a/an 仅用于可数名词单数前，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念，只表示名词为不特定者。
定冠词则表示名词为特定者，表示“这”、“那”、“这些”、“那些”的意思，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。
不定冠词 indefinite articleWe need an apple and a knife.我们需要一个苹果和一把刀子。
a. a和an的区别不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音（不是辅音字母）开头的词前。
an 用于元音（不是元音字母）开头的词前。
a boy, a university, a European countryu是元音字母，但发音是[u]，是辅音。
an hour ，an honor ，an islandh是辅音字母，但它不发音，它的音标是是元音。
an elephant， an umbrella， an eggb. 不定冠词的用法①泛指—类人或物。
eg. This is a pencil case.A child needs love.②指不具体的某个人或物。
eg. I met an old man On my way home.③用在序数词前,相当于another.eg. There’s a third boy near the shop.You have to do it a second time.④表示“每—（个）”,相当于every.eg. They have music lessons twice a week.⑤放在专有名词前表示泛指“一个”eg. She is a Chinese now working as an engineer in America.⑥表示某种身份职业地位国籍eg. The duty of a doctor is to try to save people’s lives.⑦表示动作意义的名词have, give, take, make等前eg. Have/take a look; have a rest; take a break; have/take a walk;give a smile/shout; take a turn⑧常用不定冠词固定搭配A bit (of); a lot of; a few; a little; after a while一会儿之后; half an hour 半小时; in a hurry 匆忙; in a word 总之必背！give a lesson take a bath have a rest教（一堂）课洗（个）澡休息have a talk have a fever have a good time听报告发烧过得愉快have（take）a walk have a headache have a nice trip散步头疼旅途愉快a lot of, a lot, a little, a few, a glass of, such a／an, have a word with, have a look, have a try, have a swim, a quarter, half an hour, three times a day, have a talk, give a talk, ten Yuan a kiloc. 不定冠词的位置①不定冠词—般放在所修饰的单数可数名词前。
eg, a bike, an egg②当名词被such, what, man, half修饰时，不定冠词放在这些词之后。
eg. It took me half an hour to finish my homework.He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.What a dangerous job it is！Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.③当名词前的形容词前有as, so, how, too, however, enough等词时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后。
Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.How nice a film this is！So short a time?④当名词前面有形容词和quite, rather, very时，不定冠词放在quite, rather之后,very或形容词之前。
eg. It is quite a good book.That is rather a useful too1.This is a very interesting story.⑤在such…..that….结构中，冠词位于such之后，形容词之前Miss Green is such a warm-hearted teacher that all her pupils love and respect her。
⑥在so…..that….结构中，冠词位于so之后Our hometown has become so attrctive a place that many people come to visit it every year.定冠词用法 definite article（1）定冠词的用法表示上文中所提到过的人或物。
eg：I have two children, a boy and a girl. The boy’s name is Mark. The girl’s name is Penny.（2）特指某（些）人或物。
eg：The girl in a red dress comes from America.（3）指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或物。
eg： My shoes are under the bed.Please open the window.（4）用在形容最高级和部分比较级前，及形容词only， very， same等前面：eg: That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。
Tom is the taller of the two boys.He is the only person who didn't pass the exam.他是唯一一个没通过考试的人。
（5）用在序数词前。
eg: Monday is the second day of a week.Where do you live?----I live on the second floor.（6）用在世界上独一无二的事物前（如太阳、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等）。
eg: The moon moves round the earth.（7）用在某些形容词前，表示—类人或物。
The rich（富人）, the poor（穷人）, the deaf（聋人）, the blind（盲人）, the dead（死者）, the wounded（伤员）（8）用在姓氏复数前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫妇”。
eg. The Greens are having dinner at home.（9）用在乐器前。
（但中国民族乐器前不用冠词，play Erhu拉二胡）eg. play the piano／guitar／violin／drums.（10）用于逢“十”的复数数词前，指某个世纪中的几十年代或人的大约年岁。
eg. In the 1970s, a highway was built to link up the city with my hometown.I think he is in the thirties.（11）用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面。
the Yangzi River 长江the North China Plain 华北平原the Rocky Mountains 洛矶山脉the Black Sea 黑海（12）用在由普通名词和另外一些词构成的专有名词前面。
the Beijing Railway Station 北京站the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国the United Nations 联合国the Great Wall 长城（13）与可数名词单数连用，表示泛指某类人或事物This is easy for the teacher. 对教师来说很简单The blue whale lives in oceans around the world.蓝鲸生活在世界各地的海洋里（14）含有定冠词the的词组。
in the morning (afternoon ,evening )在上午（下午、晚上）on the right 在左边 all the time 一直by the way 顺便说一下 all the year round 一年到头go to the cinema (theatre ,concert…)去看电影（看戏、听音乐会……）in the front of 在前部at the same time 同时in the front of 在中间in the day 在白天at (in) the beginning 开始in the past 在过去in the end 终于the next day 第二天in the daytime 白天 the day before yesterday 前天on the one hand , on the other hand 一方面……；另一方面at the foot of 在….脚下 in the middle of 在….中间in the sky 在天空中 in the world 在世界上 in/on the street 在街上in/on/to the east of 在….东部in the front of 在….的最前边on the left/right 在…. 左/右边 all the same 完全一样on the whole 总之with the help of 在….的帮助下tell the truth 说真话 make the bed 铺床注意：表示某一类人或事物时，以下三种方法都可以。