英语语音知识
【音素phoneme】
The phoneme is the smallest unit of speech sound in a language that is capable of conveying a distinction in meaning,音素是构成音节的最小单位或最小的语音片段。

Front vowels(前元音)：/i:/, /I/, /e/, /æ/
Pure V owels/Monophthongs(单元音) Central vowels(中元音)：/ə:/, /ə/
V owels(元音) Back vowels(后元音)：/ɔ/, /ɔ:/, /u/, /u:/, /ʌ/, /a:/
(20) Falling diphthongs(合口双元音)：/ei/ , /əu/, ai/, /au/, /ɔi/
Diphthongs(双元音)
Phoneme Rising diphthongs(集中双元音)：/iə/, /ε/, /ə/, /uə/
Stops(爆破音)：/p/, /b/. /d/, /t/, /k/, /g/
Fricatives(摩擦音)：/f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /h/
Consonants(辅音) Affricates(塞擦音)：/ts/, /dz/, /tr/, /dr/
(28) Lateral(边音)：/l/
Nasals(鼻音)：/m/, /n/, /ŋ/
Approximants(半元音)：/w/, /r/, /j/
语言学知识
Morpheme that occur “unattached” are called free morpheme.
Inquiry and discovery learning is to involve learners in investing energy and attention in order to discover
something about the language for themselves.
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is also known ad linguistic relativity.
Pragmatic competence requires teacher to help learners to learn the relationship between grammatical forms
and function.
Phonetics is the study of the phonic medium of language; it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the
world’s languages.
Correct perception of sounds is vital for listening comprehension.
Different stress and intonation indicate different meanings.
The dialect which is caused by social status is socialect.
The famous line “My love is a red, red rose”, stirs up vividly the imagination of a beautiful lady. This is the
iconic meaning of “rose”.
Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.
The reasons for teaching writing to students of English as a foreign language include reinforcement, language
development, learning style and, most importantly, writing as a skill in its own right.
The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environment are called the
allophones of that phoneme.
Semantics is generally considered to be the study of meaning in language.。