三里岛事故调查报告篇一：三哩岛核事故相关资料三哩岛核电厂事故后，美国核电行业做了如下改善：提升和加强核电厂设计与设备要求，包括消防、管道系统、辅助给水系统、安全壳隔离、组件可靠性、自动停机能力等；更新操作员培训与配备要求，加强设计基准事故以外的培训；改进主控室人机界面设计，对主控的报警重新进行分类，把重要信息集中在安全监督盘上；加大了仪表的指示量程，并增加了重要参数监测指示；提高应急准备水平，有重大事故时应立即通报美国核管理委员会，同时，美国核管理委员会成立24 h 值班的运营中心；建立定期公开报告制度，包括美国核管理委员会视察核电厂的报告、电厂绩效、管理效果等；由美国核管理委员会的高级管理人员对核电厂的性能进行定期分析，辨识出需要加强监管的问题；成立了美国核动力运行研究所(INPO)，以提供技术支持和同行评审，加强核电厂之间的经验交流；成立了美国核能协会(NEI)，以利于和美国核管理委员会等政府机构及国会沟通。
NRC事故定性（NRC）：A combination of equipment malfunctions, design-related problems and worker errors led to TMI-2's partial meltdown and very small off-site releases of radioactivity.设备故障、设计缺陷以及人员失误一系列综合因素导致了三哩岛核电厂（TMI）2号机组部分堆芯熔毁，极少量放射性物质外泄。
1 Impact of the AccidentA combination of personnel error, design deficiencies, and component failures caused the Three Mile Island accident, which permanently changed both the nuclear industry and the NRC. Public fear and distrust increased, NRC's regulations and oversight became broader and more robust, and management of the plants was scrutinized more carefully. Careful analysis of the accident's events identified problems and led to permanent and sweeping changes in how NRC regulates its licensees – which, in turn, has reduced the risk to public health and safety.事故影响设备故障、设计缺陷以及人员失误一系列综合因素导致了三哩岛核事故的发生，永久改变了美国核工业与美国核管会（NRC）。
事故发生后，公众对核能的恐惧和不信任日益增长，NRC管理与监督范围更广，也更为严格。
NRC通过对三哩岛核事故进行仔细分析，对核电厂持证单位管理做出了彻底改进，降低了公众健康和安全风险。
事故后，NRC做出的部分主要变更如下：Here are some of the major changes that have occurred since the accident:?Upgrading and strengthening of plant design and equipment requirements. This includes fire protection, piping systems, auxiliary feedwater systems, containment building isolation, reliability of individual components (pressure relief valves and electrical circuit breakers), and the ability of plants to shut down automatically;完善核电厂设计与设备要求，包括消防、管道系统、辅助给水系统、安全壳厂房隔离、单一部件可靠性（泄压阀和电路断路器）以及反应堆自动停堆的能力。
?Identifying the critical role of human performance in plant safety led to revamping operator training and staffing requirements, followed by improved instrumentation and controls for operating the plant, and establishment of fitness-for-duty programs for plant workers to guard against alcohol or drug abuse;更新操纵员培训与配备要求，改进在运核电厂仪控系统，以及建立适勤制度，防止核电厂员工酗酒或滥用药物。
?Enhancing emergency preparedness, including requirements for plants to immediately notify NRC of significant events and an NRC Operations Center staffed 24 hours a day. Drills and response plans are now tested by licensees several times a year, and state and local agencies participate in drills with the Federal Emergency Management Agency and NRC;提高应急准备水平，有重大事故时应立即通报NRC，同时，NRC成立24小时值班的运营中心。
持证单位每年开展数次核电厂应急演练，当地机构与联邦应急管理署（FEMA）、NRC也需参与其中。
?Integrating NRC observations, findings, and conclusions about licenseeperformance and management effectiveness into a periodic, public report;建立定期公开报告制度，包括美NRC视察核电厂的报告、电厂绩效、管理效果等。
?Having senior NRC managers regularly analyze plant performance for those plants needing significant additional regulatory attention;NRC高级管理人员对需要额外加强监管的核电厂进行定期绩效分析；?Expanding NRC's resident inspector program –first authorized in 1977 –to have at least two inspectors live nearby and work exclusively at each plant in the to provide daily surveillance of licensee adherence to NRC regulations;NRC增加向所有核电厂派遣的驻厂人员，从1977年的一名检查员提高到至少2名，负责监督持证单位是否严格遵循NRC管理条例。
?Expanding performance-oriented as well as safety-oriented inspections, and the use of risk assessment to identify vulnerabilities of any plant to severe accidents;扩大绩效和啊暖检查，以及利用风险评估来确定核电厂在应对严重事故领域存在的缺陷；?Strengthening and reorganizing enforcement staff in a separate office within the NRC;对NRC执法人员进行重组，设立单独办公室；?Establishing the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations, the industry's own "policing" group, and formation of what is now the Nuclear Energy Institute to provide a unified industry approach to generic nuclear regulatory issues, and interaction with NRC andother government agencies;成立了美国核动力运行研究所(INPO)，以提供技术支持和同行评审，加强核电厂之间的经验交流，以及成立了美国核能协会(NEI)，以利于与NRC等政府机构及国会沟通。
?Installing additional equipment by licensees to mitigate accident conditions, and monitor radiation levels and plant status;持证单位在厂内安装额外设备，以有效缓解事故工况，监督辐射水平和运行情况；?Enacting programs by licensees for early identification of important safety-related problems, and for collecting and assessing relevant data so operating experience can be shared and quickly acted upon; and持证单位开展检查项目，以在早期发现重大安全问题，收集并评估相关数据，从而可积累运行经验以及及时采取行动；?Expanding NRC's international activities to share enhanced knowledge of nuclear safety with other countries in a number of important technical areas.NRC加强国际交流合作，与其他国家共享核安全经验。