Ruan JianmingPowder Metallurgy Research Institute2007Particle Science and Engineering粉末冶金原理(课程分布) 40学时教学方式: 双语讲学Chinese/English课程内容: Part I Powder fabrication 粉体制备PartⅡPowder characterization 性能How do the powders fabricate？Main methods to fabricate powdersWhat physio-chemical phenomenon could be observed during powder fabrication？Which method is suitable to sphere particles？How about the particle morphologies？How can we obtain the high purity？What takes place during the powder fabri.?Which condition to control the particle size?What can we do? related powder makings.ContinuersWhat are the microstructures of the particles?What is the apparent density of the powders? Which equipment can measure the fine particles? 课时安排Talking arrangements序言Introduction 2hrsPartⅠ粉末制备28hrs机械研磨Mechanical grinding 4hrs雾化制粉Atomization 4hrs快速冷凝RST Rapid solidification 4hrs化学沉积Chemistry precipitation 4hrs电解制粉Electrical fabrication 4hrs还原制粉Reduction 8hrsPart ⅡPowder Characterization 12hrs颗粒结构Particle microstructure 4hrs粒度分布Particle size and distribution 4hrs比表面Specific surface 2hrs考试Testing 2hrs (close book)参考书籍:ReferencesPowder Metallurgy Science粉末冶金原理黄培云P/M. Principle考核成绩Score 作业30% 卷面考试70%Powder metallurgyStudy of the processing of metal powders, including the fabrication, characterization, and conversion of metal powders into useful engineering components.Study of the basic laws and mechanisms of powder fabri., powder compaction, sintering and surface treatments.R&D of novel materials and products.Powder Metallurgy ProcessingReasons for using powder metallurgyThe future of powder metallurgyA comparison of the relative production for some common metal powders, logarithmic scale. Further considerations 1High volume production of precise, high quality structural parts from ferrous alloys; Consolidation of high performance materials, where full density and reliability are primary concerns;Fabrication of difficulty to process materials, where fully dense high performance alloys can be fabricated with uniform microstructure;Further considerations 2Economic consolidation of specially alloys, typically composites containing mixed phase; Synthesis of non equilibrium materials such as amorphous, microcrystalline, or some special alloys;Processing of complex parts with unique ingredients (组元）or uncommon shapes.粉末冶金发展History and development of P/M历史部分: 武器, 生活用具, 艺术建筑Weapon, life facilities, arts-construction, etc.现代部分: 硬质合金, 高温材料, 汽车部件, 军事工程Cement carbide, refractory materials, automobile parts, equipments in defensive, civilization products, etc.目前, 粉末冶金最发达的国家瑞典(Sweden)硬质合金工业非常发达Hoganess, 建立许多子公司, Be number one其次是北美(North American)和西欧(western European) 。

德国的粉末冶金工业也是处于世界前列-工具钢., tooling steel.美国的粉末冶金公司主要产品用户是汽车制造商producer，汽车工业auto vehicle industry发达，带动了美国的粉末冶金工业发展，这是因为发达的汽车工业，大量a huge of application 用粉末冶金部件。

Same to American，日本Japan的汽车工业的发展带动了粉末冶金工业发展。

Different to China与中国不一样，the western countries and Japan西方或日本的粉末冶金工业是由两部分构成conbined by two part制粉公司：制备各种粉末：Companies to fabricate and supply powders制品公司：买进粉末，制备零部件：Companies to fabricate final parts粉末冶金技术的优越性与局限性advantages and limitation能够大量节约材料、low cast无切削、less cuting少切削，普通铸造合金切削量在30-50%，粉末冶金产品可少于5%。

Less or absent cutting machining. “Net shaping”能够大量节省能源energy saving能够大量节省劳动labor saving能够制备其他方法不能制备的材料specific materials and/or products能够制备其他方法难以生产的零部件the material and part that are difficultly to be produced by other methods粉末冶金的特点particularly points能生产用普通熔炼方法无法生产的具有特殊性能的材料；ability to produce materials which can not be produced by other method.Porous materials and products, parts within lubricantsRefractory metals such as tungsten, molybdenum, etcPesudo-alloys, such as, tungsten-copper alloysComposite materials, such as 316 ss + bioceramicNano-crystalline, sub-micrometer crystalline grain metalSpecial functional materials and products, such as magnetic products, supper alloys applied in airo-industry.Powder metallurgy disadvantages and limitationRather lower mechanical properties, for their pores in partsSize and morphological limitation, for press machine.Rather lower wrought properties, for the products may contain oxide that induce materials brittle. Rather small industry background compared with casting and conventional materials industry, such iron and steel produced on big scale.1+1>2, new materials and high performancePowder metallurgy plus conventional material processing粉末冶金新技术Novel techniques of powder metallurgy快速原形制备技术, RSP粉末注射成形、PIM快速冷凝技术获得非晶粉末、RST粉末溅射成形、powder spray forming机械合金化技术、MA温压成形技术, Worm Comp.纳米粉末技术, Namo-Tech等静压成形-烧结技术, ISP-sintering高性能材料研发，等等.A Interest ComparisonMetal powders: 109 kg/yearIndustry minerals: 300 times 109 kg/yearCoffee, tea, and tobacco: 1010 kg/yearPowder metallurgy is a prolonged growth phase;Iron and steel, aluminum, copper, nickel, and tungsten are the main consumption, worldwide. Automobile industryGear partsMechanical industryP/M Industry –2005粉末冶金未来The future of the powder metllurgy1）铁基结构合金的高精度high precise﹑高质量high quality﹑大数量产品。