高中英语语法专题讲解专题二、同位语从句一、同位语从句概述同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句，常见的可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有：belief, chance, doubt, hope, idea, news, opinion, thought, promise等。

引导同位语从句的词有连词that, whether和副词how, when, where等。

二、同位语从句（1）同位语从句是意义完整的陈述句时，用连词that引导。

注：that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，通常不省略。

eg：I got the news that he would come to see me the next week.（2）同位语从句是疑问句时，应根据语境选用who, when ,where, how, whether(不能用if)等词来引导。

eg：The question who is the best for the job requires consideration.（3）分隔式同位语从句：当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，为了使句子保持平衡，常把同位语从句后置。

eg：An idea came to him that he could buy her a diamond ring.（4）后面常跟同位语的词有：doubt, fact, hope, idea, message, news, possibility, promise, question, suggestion,truth,thought,warning,wish等。

●注：advice, order, suggestion等词表示建议、命令的词后的同位语从句中的谓语动词须用(should) +动词原形eg： that the meeting(should) be put off.三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别（1）所表达的内容不同：同位语从句和定语从句一般是放在某一名词后面，但同位语从句是对该名词的解释和说明，而定语从句是对该名词的修饰，说明它的性质特征。

eg：The fact that he presented was a strong proof.The fact that she hadn’t said anything surprised us all.（2）在句中所起的语法作用不同：引导定语从句的that是关系代词，它的作用是连接主句和从句，并代表先行词在从句中充当句子成分，而且that作宾语时可省略，指物时，可以用which代替。

引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接主句和从句的作用，它不充当任何成分，不能省略，也不可被which代替eg：We expressed the hope that Mr and Mrs Smith would come to visit China the next year.The news that we heard spread all over the city.（3）所修饰的词不尽相同：同位语从句所修饰的名词数量有限，往往是含有某种信息的词，如：message,news,fact,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,questtion, order, belief, doubt, fear, truth, throught等，而定语从句修饰的先行词无此限制。

（4）wh-引导词引导同位语从句时，有其本身的疑问含义；引导定语从句时则没有疑问的意思。

eg：I have no idea where the meeting will be held.He is the only one of these boys who can speak Franch.◆跟踪练习：1、There is no obvious evidence_____ there is life on any other planet in the solar system.A. whichB. thatC. howD. where2、My friend showed me round the town, _____was very kind of him.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it3、Many children, _____parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village.A. theirB. whoseC. of themD. with whom4、Many young people in the West are expected to leave _____ could be life’s most important decision—marriage---almost entirely up to luck.A. asB. thatC. whichD. what定语从句及同位语从句专项训练[ ] 1. That is _____ he said.A. all whatB. all whichC. all thatD. all which [ ] 2. These are things and persons ___I’ve heard of.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. that [ ] 3. Please tell me everything ___you know.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. all what [ ]4. We know the fact ___he has gone to college.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. why[ ] 5.I received the news ____Xiao Ping had passed away.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. in which[ ] 6. This is the thing ___he referred to.A. whoB. whomC./D. what [ ] 7. This is the building, in front of ____there is a dog lying on the ground.A. thatB. whichC. itD./[ ] 8. Those are the students, most of ____are very active.A. thatB. themC. whichD. whom. [ ] 9. The girl ___father lives in Beijing won the first prize in maths.A. whoB. whoseC. whom D that[ ] 10. The factory ___we work is very big..A. thatB. whichC. whereD. who[ ] 11. The factory ___we visited is very big.A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. on which[ ] 12. This is the day ___we joined the army.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. in which [ ] 13. The days ___we spent last year will not be forgotten.A. thatB. on whichC. in whichD. when[ ] 14. He has such a book ___I borrowed from the library.A. whichB. thatC. asD. what [ ] 15. He made the same progress ___I did in my entrance examination..A. whatB. thatC. on whichD. as [ ] 16. The reason ___he gave me was not reasonable.A. thatB. whyC. forD. for which[ ] 17. September 18, 1913 is the day _____we’ll never forget.A. thatB. whenC. on whichD. on that [ ] 18. I remember the day ___I first came to the college.A. on whichB. in whichC. whichD. that [ ] 19. Is this factory ___we visited last year?A. whereB. in whichC. the oneD. at which[ ] 20. Is this the factory ___your father worked?A. whereB. whichC. of whichD. in that [ ] 21. This is the factory ___we visited the day before yesterday.A. whereB. whichC. the oneD. at which[ ] 22. Is this the factory ____colour TV sets are produced?A. thatB. whichC. in whichD. in that [ ] 23. Where is the window ___glass is broken?A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. its[ ] 24. The book, the cover___is broken, is not mine.A. of itB. forC. whoseD. of which [ ] 25. His father is an engineer, ___makes him very proud.A. for whatB. whichC. thatD. what [ ]26.That was the reason ____Mac refused to speak at the meeting.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. of which [ ] 27. The knife ___ we cut the bread is very sharp.A. with whichB. that whichC. which withD. which [ ] 28. Is there anything ___I can do for you?A. whichB. whatC. thatD. whom[ ] 29.This is the fact ___he is very smart.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. where [ ] 30. I got the news ___he will go abroad.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. on which [ ] 31. This is the worker, ___the book was written.A. whoB. whomC. ofD. by whom [ ] 32. This is the reason ___ he was put into prison.A.o f itB. for itC. in whichD. for which [ ] 33. My father made a promise __he would buy me a toll.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when▲历届高考题[ ] 1.A child ___parents are dead is called an orphan.A. whichB. hisC. whoseD.with[ ] 2. All ____ is needed is a supply of oilA. the thingB. thatC. whatD. which [ ] 3. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of _____hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.A. theseB. thoseC. thatD. which [ ] 4. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______family was poorA. of whomB. whomC. of whoseD. whose [ ] 5. She heard a terrible noise, ____brought her heart into her mouthA. itB. whichC. thisD.that[ ] 6. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _____came as surpriseA. itB. thatC. whichD. he[ ] 7. In the dar k street, there wasn’t a single person ____she could turn for help.A. thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whom [ ] 8. ___is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is interesting.A. WhichB. AsC. ThatD. It[ ] 9 These houses are sold at such a low price ___ people expectedA. likeB. asC. thatD. which[] 10.J ohn said he’d been working in the office for an hour, ______was trueA. heB. thisC. whichD. who[ ] 11.Is this the house ___Shakespeare was born ?A. at whereB. whichC. in whichD. at which。