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科技英语阅读--2

and/or falsify what is established about biological evolution.
事实上,提供的设计提议,是对有关生物进化的种种忽略和歪曲。
• modify [‘mɒdɪfaɪ] vt. 修改,修饰;更改 vi. 修改
1. The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society. 工业革命改变了英国社会的整体结构。 2. You'd better modify your tone. 你最好缓和一下你的口气。
所不计; Байду номын сангаас计
eg. This service should be available to everybody,
irrespective of whether they can afford it. 这项服务应该面向所有人,不管他们是否负担得起。
when the mixture is ignited, the products of combustion expand down the cylinder, which is fitted with a reciprocating piston. The downward movement of the piston is converted into rotational movement of the crankshaft by means of a connecting rod. As the crankshaft rotates, the piston is driven upwards again, and the exhaust gases are expelled through the exhaust valve in the cylinder head.
➢ Will, can and may: • Will
1. 表将来 (科技英语中不用be going to) eg. The new aircraft will fly for the first time on Monday.、 2. 表示潜在的能力 eg. These planes will fly at 800 miles per hour. 3. 表示某事经常发生 eg. This solid will vaporize when we heat it.
eg. Moreover, the researchers discovered that these two
connections were independent of each other. 而且,研究者发现这两种联系之间是独立的。
• irrespective of 不顾的,不考虑的,无论; 在
• carry out vt. 执行,实行;贯彻;实现;完成 • carry on 继续 • carry forward 发扬光大 ; 推进 ; 发扬 ; 转入下一页
下期等 • carry through 进行 ; 贯彻 ; 完成 ; 贯彻到底 • carry along 一起带走 ; 使人佩服
• mercury ['mə:kjuri] n. 水银;水银柱;精神 水星
我知道,这个假设在我的生活中确实是这样的,我希望它在你 们的生活中也是真的。
2. A suggested explanation, so long as its correctness is still in doubt, is called a hypothesis.
提出来的解释,只要它的正确性仍然有疑问, 便称为假说。
• incorporate vt. 包含,吸收;体现;把……合并 vi. 合并;混合;组成公司 adj. 合并的;一体化的;组成公司的
to be incorporated a member of the union 被吸收为工会会员
New ideas will be incorporated into the book. 新思想将被收入书中。
• omnipotent [ɔm'nipətənt] adj. 无所不能的;全能的 ;有无限权力的
Eg: And so he imagines that God, as omnipotent, could've made two plus two equals five. 所以他猜想,万能的上帝可以让二加二等于五。
➢ depend on VS. rely on
• 都有“依靠,依赖”的意思,但是depend on 是 客观上的; rely on是依靠,依赖,在生活中,或 精神上,主观上的
• eg. 1. I rely on my accountant to handle the annual
tax form because he is more skilled at doing this type
我们是否去那,要看天气情况。(即由天气决定)
• ---Shall we go there for a holiday? 我们去那里度假吗? • ---It depends. 看情况吧!
➢ independent of VS. irrespective of
• be independent of 独立于…之外的;不受…支配 的;不依赖于…的
• falsify [fɔ:lsifai] vt. 伪造;篡改;歪曲;证明...虚假 vi. 撒谎 [ 过去式falsified 过去分词falsified 现在分词 falsifying ] 1. falsify certificates 伪造执照 2. to falsify facts, issue, etc.歪曲事实、问题等等 3. In fact, the design proposals on offer variously ignore
• metaphysics [,metə'fiziks] n. 玄学,形而上学 • Moral metaphysics 道德的形上学;道德的形而上学;道德形而上学;道 德形上学 descriptive metaphysics描述的形而上学
• inconsistent adj. 不一致的;前后矛盾的 (with)
粒子运动和质量)
任何物理理论不过是一种假设,就这个意义而言,任 何物理理论总是暂时性的:你永远不能证明它。实验 的结果无论多少次与某种理论相符,你也不能确信下 一次实验结果将不会与该理论有矛盾。另一方面,你 只要发现有一次观察与理论的预言不相符,你就能否 定这一理论。正像科学哲学家卡尔波普索强调的那样 ,一种好的理论,其特点是该理论作出了一些预测, 这些预测在原则上能通过观察进行否定或证明有误。 如果观察到每次新的实验与理论的预言相符,则我们 对该理论的信心就不断增强;但只要发现曾经有一次 观察不相符,我们就不能不放弃或修改这一理论。尽 管这种情况本来就会出现,但是你也总会对观察者的 能力有所怀疑。
➢ Prevent sth, prevent ...from doing sth = keep sth from sth / doing sth
• Good lubrication prevents overheating. • Good lubrication prevents bearings from
being damaged. ➢ Avoid sth/ doing sth • Workers should avoid using these materials
wastefully. • By taking precautions in the factory we can
avoid the risk of accidents.
• quantum ['kwɔntəm] n. 量子论; Light quantum[物][量子] 光量子;[物][量子] 光子;[ 物][量子] 光电子 • mechanics [mi'kæniks] n. 力学(用作单数);机械
学(用作单数);结构;技术 • quantum mechanics [量子] 量子力学(解释次原子
Unit 2
What is a scientific theory? 何为科学理论?
➢ arbitrary ['ɑ:bitrəri] adj. [数] 任意的;武断的; 专制的
• arbitrary function 随意函数;任意函数 • arbitrary value 任意值 • A red light doesn't seem to enter into this sense
• hypothesis英 [haɪ‘pɒθɪsɪs]美 [haɪ’pɑθəsɪs] 假设 • [ 复数 hypotheses ] • hypothesis test 假设检验 1. I can see that this hypothesis is true in my life and I expect it to also be true in yours.
1. But critics of the Princeton study say the findings are
inconsistent — some of the rat groups, after all, showed
no differences in weight gain. 但是普林斯顿研究所的评论家说这些发现是前后矛盾 的,有一些鼠群在体重增加方面始终没有任何区别。
➢ Will, can and may: • May, can
1. 表示有时会发生 eg. The testing of the new plane may / can take a long time. 2. Can 表示客观能力 eg. We can easily calculate the frictional losses. 3. 表示可能性 eg. This problem can / may be approached in many ways.
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