L4-U2-1/11Vocabulary 1Before DevelopmentA1. developing a product can be challenging.2. It requires a practical idea, thorough(彻底的) analysis, and plenty of time and resources.3. Careful preparation(准备) is the first step to developing a product successfully.4. Generate ideas.5. Product development starts by generating ideas.6. This involves brainstorming possible new products and features.7. Good ideas come from knowledge of the consumer, the market, and current technology.B1. Conduct concept(概念) screening research.2. Next, select the best idea through concept screening research.3. Find out if the product would meet customers’ needs and identify the gaps in the market.4. You also need to determine how to position your product to give it an advantage.C1. Carry out(开展) competitive research.2. Then, carry out in-depth(深入的) competitive research.3. Identify and assess the strengths and weaknesses of competitors within your market.4. This allows you to develop different strategies to give your product a competitive advantage.D1. Carry out a risk assessment.2. As you conduct your research, you should do a risk assessment.3. Identify the potential risks and how they would impact your product.4. These include technical problems, financial risks and operational difficulties.E1. Plan actions.2. Finally, plan a path forward by determining your next course of action.3. Set parameters(参数) including budget, objectives and time frame.4. Once you are prepared, you can implement your plan.练1. Generating ideas for a product involves brainstorming possible new product and features.2. Concept screening requires you to find out if the product would meet customers’ needs and identify the gaps in the market.3. Conducting concept screening research helps to select the best idea.4. Concept screening requires you to identify the gaps in the market.5. You need to determine how you would position your product to give it an advantage.6. Identifying the strengths and weakness of competitors allows you to give your product a competitive advantage.7. Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of competitors allows you to develop strategies and give your product a competitive advantage.8. Examples of potential risks include technical problems, financial risks and operational difficulties.L4-U2-1/11Vocabulary 2Developing a ProductA1. Transforming ideas(转变观念) into sellable(适合出售) products is a challenge.2. Build the prototype(原型).3. Start by building a prototype of your product.4. A prototype is the first version o a product, and is used to develop its future forms.5. Building a prototype helps you estimate the development costs, time frame, and resources needed.B1. Test the prototype.2. Once a prototype has been built, it should be tested to evaluate the quality of its design.3. Feedback on its appearance, function and user friendliness can be collected from potential customers.C1. Improve the prototype.2. A prototype should be improved based on its feedback.3. Once its original issues have been fixed, another round of testing will be conducted.4. The testing will continue until the product is ready for the market.D1. Develop marketing strategies.2. When the product is ready, it will be made available for sale.3. A company will develop a strategy to build demand for its product.4. This may include a launch event, advertisements, and social media marketing.E1. Monitor the product.2. After the product is launched, a company monitors how the product performs in the market.3. Sales figures, profitability and customers’ feedback should be monitored.4. Furthermore, expect changes in the market and always be prepared to improve your product.练1. It helps you estimate the time and resources needed to create a product.2. Once a prototype has been built, it should be tested to evaluate the quality of its design.3. Develop a strategy that may include a launch event.4. After the product is launched, a company monitors the product’s performance.5. Expect changes in the market and always be prepared to improve your product.6. Sales figures, profitability and customers’ feedback should be monitored.L4-U2-1/11Vocabulary 3Product LifecycleA1. Product lifecycle.2. A product lifecycle is the four stages of a product’s life.3. Each stage has its own unique characteristics and challenges.4. The market introduction stage.5. The first stage is the market introduction stage.6. At this point, a new product has just been launched and its market share may be small.7. Businesses can invest in marketing and promotion to build demand(强制性要求).B1. The growth stage.2. Products that make it through the introduction stage reach the growth stage.3. In the growth stage, product sales grow as consumer demand increases.4. As a result, competition may increase as more businesses look to share the market.5. Companies often need to update their products to stay competitive.C1. The maturity stage.2. In the maturity stage, the market becomes crowded due to fewer new customers and stronger competition.3. As a result, sales growth peaks(山峰) and begins to slow down.4. At this point, a business may lower its prices or explore new markets to increase sales.D1. The decline stage.2. In the decline stage, product sales decrease as competition become stronger.3. Since the popularity of a product falls, making a profit becomes more difficult.4. As a result, a business may cut production costs or discontinue the product.练1. More competitors begin to market similar products.2. In the maturity stage, the market becomes crowded due to fewer new customers and stronger competition.3. Product sales peak and begin to slow down.4. There are fewer new clients and stronger competition.5. The product is less popular.6. In the decline stage, product sales decrease as competition becomes stronger.L4-U2-1/11Vocabulary 4Improving a ProductA1. Improving products allows businesses to stay competitive and increase their market share.2. Here is some advice for improving products successfully.3. Collect customer feedback.4. Customer feedback can be used to find out how to improve a product.5. It can be collected through customer questionnaires or interviews.6. Feedback can help measure customer satisfaction and discover problems.B1. Conduct a lost customer analysis.2. A lost customer analysis examines why customers have stopped buying a product.3. The results can be used to eliminate sources of customer dissatisfaction.4. For example, people may stop eating a certain brand of food because of negative publicity.C1. Carry out(实现) a cost-benefit(成本效益) analysis.2. A cost-benefit analysis compares the costs of a project against its potential benefits.3. Benefits may include increased revenue or faster production.4. If a project’s costs are higher than its benefits, it may not be worthwhile.D1. Run tests.2. Testing is a major step both in product design and improvement.3. Frequent tests determine whether a product is performing well.4. After a product has been developed, it will be tested to ensure its quality.练1. You can interview customers to collect their feedback.2. A product will be tested to ensure its quality.L4-U2-1/11DialogueA1. Hey, Heather, you wanted to see me?2. Hey, Jim, yeah, I did.3. I just got the user data from the latest testing version of Fitbot.4. I thought you would want to see it.5. Oh, definitely. Have you found anything interesting?6. Well, it seems the user engagement rate is not as high as we’d like it to be.7. Look over here.8. It’s been found that many users stop using our app after a couple of tries.B1. Hmm, so they don’t feel motivated to keep using it.2. Why do you think that might be?3. Well, according to the feedback our users like how our app tracks how far they have run.4. But they don’t think it’s a strong enough reason to keep on using it.5. I feel that the app doesn’t have enough functions to keep users engaged.C1. Do you have any ideas on how to go forward?2. We could improve how users track their progress.3. Rather than just listing the amount of time they run, we could let them set challenges.4. For example, users can set weekly or monthly fitness challenges.5. And we could try to quantify their progress by using progress bars.6. That way, they can use our app to realize their fitness goals, rather than only logging their results.D1. I like that idea.2. And we could allow users to share their progress on social media like Mechand.3. By share it online, they can get encouragement from their friends.4. Yeah, adding a social component is a great idea.5. Could you have a proposal made for me by Friday?6. I have a meeting with the CEO, and would like to share these ideas with him.7. Yes, I’ll get started on it today.8. Great, make sure to include a cost benefit analysis in your proposal.9. I’m going to get this approved. I’ll need to show that the return will be worth the investment.10. Sure think, we’ll do.练1. The user engagement rate of something shows how much users interact with it.2. It doesn’t have enough functions.3. Users like how the app tracks how far they run.4. It seems the user engagement rate is not as high as we’d like it to be.5. The data suggests that people are only using the app a few times before stopping.6. The app can be improved by allowing users to set fitness challenges.7. They would motivate users to realize their goals.8. Adding social-media sharing functions.9. To get the proposal approved, he needs to show the costs will be worth it.10. Realizing a goal is more motivating than logging results.11. The app could let users set fitness challenges to realize their fitness goals.L4-U2-3/11Vocabulary 1During an InterviewA1. Interviews are mean to find someone who is a good fit for a job.2. Here are some basic steps to follow when conducting an interview.3. Build rapport(融洽，亲善，和谐).4. Begin the interview by building rapport with the candidate.5. When a candidate is relaxed, they usually express themselves more honestly.6. A warm greeting and some small talk can make the candidate feel comfortable.7. For example, you can say “It’s a pleasure to meet you. How was your weekend?”B1. Observe non-verbal(非语言的) cues(提示).2. Observe the candidate’s body language and facial(面部的) expressions.3. Non-verbal cues may reveal how the candidate feels.4. For example, if a candidate blinks(眨眼睛) often, it may suggest they’re very nervous.C1. Leave time for questions.2. Near the end of the interview, leave time for the candidate to ask questions.3. For example, you can ask, “Do you have any questions for me?” or “Have you got any questions for us?”4. What the candidate asks can reveal how interested they are in the position.5. If they don’t have any questions, they may not be interested in the job.D1. Explain what to do next.2. At the end of the interview, explain the next steps in the hiring process.3. Let the candidate know when you will contact them again.4. For example, you can say, “Thank you for coming in. We will get back to you within two weeks.”5. Finally, thank them for their time and walk them to the door.练1. Building rapport with a candidate will help them feel less nervous.2. It makes them feel less nervous.3. Observe their body language and facial(面部的) expressions.4. Leave time for the candidate to ask questions.5. If a candidate doesn’t have any questions during the interview, they may not be interested in the company.6. We will get back to you within two weeks.”7. Thank them for their time and walk them to the door.L4-U2-3/11Vocabulary 2After an InterviewA1. Here are some tips for what to do after an interview.2. Assess(评定) the candidate.3. Assess whether the candidate meets the hiring criteria(标准criterion).4. You should consider their skills, experience, and attitude.5. If a candidate does not meet any of the criteria, they won’t make a good hire.6. Perform a background check.7. When considering a candidate, perform a background check on them.8. A background check examines a person’s professional and educational history.9. It confirms that they have provided accurate(准确性，精确性) information on their resume.B1. Make an offer.2. If a candidate meets the job’s requirements, you can make them an offer.3. A job offer is an invitation for a candidate to become an employee in a company.4. A formal job offer includes information about salary, benefits, and the starting date.5. Follow up on time.6. Follow up with candidates on time.7. If you take too long to contact a strong candidate, they may find another job.8. If you wait too long to reject a candidate, they may think you’re unprofessional.练1. A person’s professional and educational history.2. After an interview, you should assess whether the candidate meets the hiring criteria.3. You should follow up with candidates on time.L4-U2-3/11Vocabulary 3Soft SkillsA1. When evaluating a candidate, it’s important to consider their soft skills.2. These reflect how they approach their challenges, as well as how they interact with others.3. Here are some soft skills to look for.4. Problem-solving skills.5. Problem-solving skills involve identifying problems and developing solutions.6. To assess these skills, you can ask candidate about a challenge they overcame at a previous job.7. For example.8. What was the best idea you proposed at your last job?9. What has been your biggest achievement to date?B1. Communication skills2. Communication skills reflect how well you express yourself and interact with others.3. To assess these skills, you can watch how a candidate engages with you during an interview.4. Observe how they speak and how well they listen.C1. Teamwork skills.2. Employees with teamwork skills have a strong sense of group responsibility and collaborate well with others.3. To assess a candidate’s teamwork skills, you can ask questions like “What role have you played in your last team?”4. Or you can ask “Please describe a time you worked well as a team member.”D1. Creative thinking skills.2. Creativity is the ability to come up with new and original ideas.3. Employees with creative thinking skills can think outside the box and find unique solutions to problems.4. To know more about a candidate’s creative thinking skills, you can ask “What is the most creative idea you came up with at your last job?”5. Or you can ask, “Tell me about a problem you solved in an innovative way.”练1. Soft skills reflect how they approach their challenges, as well as how they interact with others.2. Watch how they engage with you.3. Communication skills reflect how well you express yourself.4. What role have you played in your last team?5. Employees who can work well in teams have a strong sense of groupresponsibility.L4-U2-3/11Vocabulary 4Interview TipsA1. Here are some tips for how to conduct a productive interview.2. Prepare.3. Prepare thoroughly(彻底的，完全地) before an interview.4. Review the candidate’s resume and cover letter to learn about their work history and experience.5. Prepare questions that relate to their resume and the position they are applying for.B1. Use similar questions to evaluate candidates.2. When interviewing different candidates, ask similar questions.3. This creates a standard to compare candidates against.4. If you ask each candidate different questions, it may be hard to assess their responses.C1. Take notes.2. Taking notes helps you remember the details of an interview.3. But taking notes can feel impersonal or even unfriendly.4. So when the interview begins, you should tell the candidate why you’re taking notes.5. Otherwise, they may feel nervous.6. Let the candidate speak.7. Do not dominate the interview.8. Candidates need an opportunity to present their qualifications and skills.9. Some experts say that the interviewer should speak 20% of the time or less.练1. Prepare questions for the candidate that relate both their resume and the position they are applying for.2. Prepare questions that relate to their resume3. You can compare their answers.4. By asking each candidate similar questions, it is easier to evaluate and compare their qualifications.5. Candidates won’t have the chance to speak.6. It will help them remember what was said.L4-U2-3/11DialogueInterviewing a candidateA1. Hi, Sarah, I’m Atom.2. I’m the marketing manager at greenly organic to rule.3. Hi, Aden, nice to meet you.4. Please, have a seat.5. So tell me a little bit about yourself.6. Yes, I graduated from college in May, where I majored in environmental science.7. I’m currently doing a summer internship at an organization called Heart Healthy Schools.8. They work with local farms to help arrange organic lunches for city schools.9. But my internship(实习) will end in two months, so I’m starting to look for full time jobs down.B1. So why are you interested in Greenly organic delivery?2. Well, I love Greenly is mission to work only with local organic farms, like AJ chess.3. Greenly is also a tech company with more opportunities in social media, which is what I want to do.4. I think Greenly offers more potential to grow.5. Thank you.6. But how do your experiences transform over to the position of social media market.7. It says here you update officially countsC1. Do you have any experience analyzing social media activity?2. Yes, I do.3. When I started college, I found it a Website blog called the student farmer.4. I’ve now grown my sight to around eight hundred daily visitors through social media.5. So I’ve familiar with both writing for an audience, and analyzing data to grow in audience.6. Very impressive.7. I can see that you are very proactive and driven person.8. But tell me, where do you think you need to improve?9. I think there’s a lot more I need to learn.10. Working the HHs has been a positive step forward.11. But most of my experience so far has come from personal projects.D1. Right, social media marketing and Greenly has more considerations than your say.2. Yes, that’s true, but at the same time, I am not afraid to learn.3. I’m open to challenges and I learn fast.4. Well, that’s very nice to hear.5. Before I bring on our HR manager, do you have any questions?6. What qualities are you looking for in candidates for this position?7. An understanding of analytics is a must, as are good writing skills.8. But we also need people who are driven in passionate, like you.9. Do you have any more questions?10. No, that’s all, thank you.11.Ok, it was great speaking with you Sarah.12. It was nice speaking with you too, Atom.13. Thank you.练1. It helps provide organic lunches for city schools.2. It works with local organic farms.3. It gives her more experience in a field she likes.4. How to build an audience through social media?5. She has now grown her site to around 800 daily visitors through social media.6. An understanding of analytics and a good attitude.7. Social media marketing at their company has more considerations than her site.8. She will have more considerations working on a large team.L4-U2-5/11Vocabulary 1Preparing for an EventA1. Attending networking events is a great way to help your career.2. It can help you find a job, meet business partners, or learn about industry trends.3. But if you want to get the most out of these events, you should prepare beforehand.4. Set a goal.5. Set a goal for what you aim to achieve at the event.6. It should be specific and reasonable.7. For example, your goal could be exchanging cards with five people.8. Having a clear goal will prevent you from wandering aimlessly(漫无目的地;无目9. Wear appropriate clothing.10. Wear appropriate clothing to the event.11. Most networking events require you to wear business casual clothing.12.The right clothes will give people a positive impression and make you feel more comfortable.B1. Bring business cards.2. Business cards are a branding tool and help people remember you.3. So bring professional and up-to-date business cards.4. Prepare conversation points.5. Prepare some key points about your business, as well as questions you want to ask people.6. You can also prepare a few icebreakers to start conversations.7. For example, you can ask general questions, such as how someone feels about the event.8. Hi, I’m not sure if we’ve met. I am Jeff from CC Furniture. How do you like the event?9. It has been great! I’m Linda, Head Designer of Nick Spade. Nice to meet you.练1. By setting a goal before a networking event, you can identify what outcome you want to achieve.2. Your goal could be exchanging cards with five people.3. By giving people your business card at a networking event, it can help them remember you.4. How should you prepare conversation points? Prepare some key points about your business.5. Business cars serve as a powerful branding tool and help people to rememberyou.6. Prepare some conversation starters before the event.7. You can ask general questions, such as how someone feels about the event.8. Giving people your business card can help them remember who you are.L4-U2-5/11Vocabulary 2How to behaveA1. Here are some tips on how to behave at a networking event.2. Give a concise self-introduction.3. When meeting new people, give a concise self-introduction.4. You should mention where you work and what you do.5. But don’t talk about yourself too much.6. What do you do, Jeff?7. I’m in charge of sales at CC Furniture.8. We provide one-stop service for customers who want home renovation(革新；恢复活力；翻新；修理).9. Show interest in other people.10. When talking to someone, show that you’re interested in what they’re saying.11. You can do this by maintaining eye contact and facing them directly.12. And you can ask questions that encourage them to talk about themselves.13. That sounds interesting. Could you tell me more about the project you just mentioned?14. Sure, we are seeking local partners right now, if you are interested.B1. Find things in common.2. When talking to people, look for shared interests, experiences or connections.3. Finding common interests sets a strong foundation for creating a business relationship.4. How did you hear about this event?5. The speaker, Jenny, invited me.6. Me too. Jenny and I used to work together.7. Reach out to your contacts.8. After an event, get in touch with your new contacts.9. Send an email or connect on social media.10. For example, you could write, “It was nice meeting you last night. You mentioned you were interested in our services. Please let me know if you need more information.”11. It’s best to contact people within 24 hours of meeting them.练1. Where you work, and what you do.2. In addition to speaking well, you should also focus on listening to other people.3. Could you tell me more about the project you just mentioned?4. When meeting new people, it’s important to give a concise self-introduction.5. You can contact them through email or social media.L4-U2-5/11Vocabulary 3Common MistakesA1. Here are some mistakes people make at networking events, and tips on how toavoid them.2. Don’t dominate the conversation.3. Networking is about developing mutually(互相的) beneficial relationships.4. So don’t talk about yourself all the time.5. By listening, you will not only gain more information about others but also make them feel valued.6. End conversations politely.7. If you end a conversation abruptly(突然地), people may think you’re rude.8. You can politely end a conversation by telling someone that it was nice to meet them.9. For example, “It was great talking to you, but I really need to say hello to a few other people. Talk to you soon.”B1. Don’t drink too much.2. Most networking events provide alcohol, but you should avoid drinking too much.3. It’s generally better to limit yourself to one or two drinks at the very most.4. Reach out to new people.5. It’s normal to feel nervous at networking events, but reach out to new people.6. When meeting someone new, you can appear confident with strong eye contact and a firm handshake.练1. Don’t talk about yourself all the time.2. You will appear more confident.3. Feeling a bit nervous at a networking event is normal, but try not to appear overly timid(胆怯的；羞怯的；易受惊的).4. You should avoid drinking too much.5. You should try to reach out to new people.L4-U2-5/11Vocabulary 4Networking TipsA1. Here are some tips to help you interact with people at networking events.2. Give a firm handshake.3. When you meet someone for the first time, give a firm handshake.4. Avoid gripping their hand too loosely or squeezing it too hard.5. Remember people’s name.6. It can be hard to remember the names of everyone you meet at a networking event.7. One way to do this is to repeat someone’s name after they tell it to you.8. And when you get their business card, you can write something on it to help you remember them.B1. Keep an open posture.2. Keep an open posture(姿势;仪态;体位;体态;方式;方法;态度;姿态) in order to appear friendly and approachable.3. This means you should keep your back straight and avoid crossing your arms.4. A closed posture can show shyness or unfriendliness.5. Be brief.6. It’s good to begin a conversation with small talk, but don’t take too long to get to the point7. People lose interest quickly, so be specific and avoid giving too many details.8. Maintain your social media profile.9. Your social media profile is an essential networking tool.10. Like your business card, it shows your personal brand.11. After an event, people may look at your social media profile to learn about your professional skills and experiences.12. So make sure that it is updated and reflects the best side of yourself.练1. You should shake it firmly.2. Remembering people’s names shows your interest in them.3. when you get their business card, you can write something on it to help you remember them.4. People may think you don’t want talk to them.5. Make sure that your social media profile is updated and reflects the best side of yourself.6. A closed posture can show shyness or unfriendliness.7. Your social media profile is an essential networking tool.8. Like your business card, your social media profile shows your personal brand.L4-U2-5/11DialogueAdvice on NetworkingA1. Hey, Crise.2. How was your networking tonight?3. Not so good.4. How did your sales conference go?5. Pretty great.6. I meet around twenty really cool people, including the head of sales at this company called BlackSun Software.7. And now I’m following through with a few thank you e-mails.8. Wow, you like a networking ninja(忍者).9. I wish I could have done half as well as you.10. I gave out my business cards and told people what I do.11. But no one seemed very interested.B1. It sounds like you spent the whole time focusing on yourself.2. I thought that’s what I was supposed to do at a networking event.3. Having people get to know me.4. No way.5. Networking is about building relationships with people.6. You’re right.7. But how do you engage with people?8. Every time I tried to start a conversation; it didn’t go anywhere.9. I think you need to prepare a short introduction and some conversation starters.10. That way, you can focus more on listening than thinking of what to say.C1. I see what you’re saying.2. I should jump into the conversation quickly it starts asking questions.。