姓名：XXX 部门： XX部YOUR LOGO Your company name2 0 X X国际会议发言稿国际会议发言稿1. prologuethank you, mr. chairman, for your gracious introduction.i am honored to have the chance to address you on this special occasion. the topic of my paper is “transaction cost and farm ers’ choice of agricultural products selling”. the outline of my talk as follows. the first part i want to introduce the background of this research. the second part suggests a simple household choice model .the third part covers the data used in this research. and then, we introduce the empirical results. finally, a simple conclusion is given.2. introductionwell, let’s move on the first part of this topic .the motivation of this work like this. institutional economics posits that agents making decisions on different types of transactions do so in a costly way .for exle , farmers deciding sell a particular crop to whom base their decisions not only on the price they expect to receive in each market choice but also on additional costs related to transacting in these markets.i want to use a picture to illustrate it. for exle, given some market channels, farmers’ choices can be regarded as equilibrium between the surplus and the additional costs that related to transacting .especially in developing countries, high-value crop producers fully participate in the market and第2 页共2 页the transaction cost has been the hard constraint to farmers. furthermore, farmers’ market choices can be taken as a choice dilemma of transaction cost and production surplus. consequently, the scientific question of this research is how transaction cost affects planters’ choices.3. methodologylet’s move to the theoretical model of our research. consider a household model in one rotation. in stage 1 , famer η needs to allocate the input factor s .this process can qbe set into a function like this q? ? q( p , w , z ? ) , qη means the output farmers decide qto produce .p implies the output price w implies input price and.z: ? is fixed input. once produce what and produce how many are decided, next question to be considered is how much products to be transacted in market. here we use three cc()cη means how functions to describe this question. the first equation, c ? ?p , z ?much agricultural products used by famers themselves. p implies the price the cagricultural product,z ?suggests the fluctuation of cη. the second equation q ? ? q ? ?c?, qη means the amount of agricultural products transacted inq?n?market. the third equationi ? q ?implies the amount exchanged in nth time.in stage 3, farmers will decide to sell the products to whom. chanel j’s market price isbdecided by an exogenesis price and farmers’ negotiatingpower.pij?p*j?b(qi,zi)besides this, we use a matrix to show the net profit of chanel jx ik? ik, ? ?? ik ?and then farmers’ choice c an be expressed in a typical choice modelexp(xij?)pr(ji?j|xik)?1 exp(xij?)? k?1based on the choice model, another important concept is famers’ channel choice .here, we set five types .they rank by the market barriers. accordingly, we set a group discrete number to express them. y: dependent variable y=5,means farmer choosebrokers. y=1, farmers sell products to consumers directly.4. data and estimation procedureshere, we illustrate the data distribution with this map. according to the agricultural regionalization from department of agriculture, the apple specialization areas in china contain two parts: bo sea area and loess plateau. bo sea area in red color, contains hebei, shandong and liaoning 3 provinces. and loess plateau in green color, contains shanxi, henan, shaanxi and gansu 4 provinces. firstly, we use pps method to get the first stage sling unit 14 counties in 7 provinces. then use random sle method to get village and household. they are our sle distribution.5. empirical results6. conclusions第二篇：国际会议国际会议：XX 2nd international conference on environment science and engineering(icese XX)post by：XX-7-24 19:09:28 [只看该作者]XX 2nd international conference on environment science and engineeringmay. 26, XX news! the icese XX papers are available in the vol.8 of ipcbee. (click)mar.16, XX news! the conference program of icese XX is available now. (click)wele to the official website of the XX 2nd international conference on environment science and ed during april 7-8 XX, in bangkok, thailand. icese XX, aims to bring together researchers, scientists, ehe practical challenges encountered and the solutions adopted.change and share their experiences, new ideas, and research results about all aspects of environment sciethe conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and expsensors and related areas. icese XX will be published in one volume o(本站推荐：)f ipcbee, and all papers will be y digital library, and indexed by thomson isi (web of knowledge).call for papersXX 2nd international conference on environment science and engineering, icese XX is the premier forum for esearch resultsin the fields of theoretical, experimental, and applied environment science and engineering. the confereers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. topics of interest for submission include,environmental science and technologyenvironmental dynamicsmeteorologyhydrologygeophysicsatmospheric physicsphysical oceanographyglobal environmental change and ecosystems managementclimate and climatic changesglobal warmingozone layer depletioncarbon capture and storagebiofuelsintegrated ecosystems managementsatellite applications in the environmentenvironmental restoration and ecological engineeringhabitat reconstructionbiodiversity conservationdeforestationwetlandslandscape degradation and restorationground water remediationsoil decontaminationeco-technologybio-engineeringenvironmental sustainabilityresource managementlife cycle analysisenvironmental systems approachrenewable sources of energy-energy savingsclean technologiessustainable citieshealth and the environmenthealth related organismshazardous substances and detection techniquesbiodegradation of hazardous substancestoxicity assessment and epidemiological studiesquality guidelines, environmental regulation and monitoringindoor air pollutionwater resources and river basin managementregulatory practice, water quality objectives standard setting, water quality classification public participation economic instrumentsmodeling and decision support toolsinstitutional developmenttransboundary cooperationmanagement and regulation of point and diffuse pollution monitoring and analysis of environmental contaminant ground water managementwastewater and sludge treatmentnutrients removalsuspended and fixed film biological processesanaerobic treatmentprocess modellingsludge treatment and reusefate of hazardous substancesindustrial wastewater treatmentadvances in biological, physical and chemical processes on site and small scale systemsstorm-water managementair pollution and controlemission sourcesatmospheric modeling and numerical prediction interaction between pollutantscontrol technologiesair emission tradingsolid waste managementwaste minimizationoptimization of collection systemsrecycling and reusewaste valorizationtechnical aspects of treatment and disposal methods (landfilling, thermal treatment etc) leachate treatment legal, economic and managerial aspects of solid waste managementmanagement of hazardous solid wastewater treatment and reclamationdisinfection and disinfection by- productsmanagement of water treatment residualsaesthetic quality of drinking water (taste, odors)effect of distribution systems on potable water quality reuse of reclaimed watersdexed by thomson isi (web of knowledge).important date advanced treatment of water and secondary effluents (membranes, adsorption, ion exchange, oxidation etc) icese XX will be published in one volume of ipcbee, and all papers will be included in engineeringpaper submission (full paper)before december 10, XX notification of acceptanceon january 1, XX final paper submissionbefore january 15, XX authors' registrationbefore january 15, XX icese XX conference datesapril 7 - 8, XX submission methods:1. electronic submission system; ( .pdf)if you can't login the submission system, please try to submit through method 2.2. email: icese@ ( .pdf and .doc)第三篇：国际会议invitation letterdear professor li,on behalf of the peking university and the ieee puter society, i would be very pleased to invite you to attend and chair a session of the forthing XX international conference on parallel data processing to be held in beijing, from march 25 to march 28, XX.you are an internationally acclaimed scholar and educator. your participation will be among the highlights of the conference.we sincerely hope that you could accept our invitation. if you can e, please let us know as soon as possible, since we have to prepare the final program soon. we are looking forward to your acceptance.sincerely yours,wang yangreply letterdear professor wang,many thanks for your letter dated 15th february, inviting me to attend and chair a session of the forthing XX international conference on parallel data processing to be held in beijing, from march 25 to march 28, XX.much to my regret, i shall not be able to honor theinvitation because i have been suffering from a disease since this summer. i am firmly advised that it would be unwise to undertake any distant and long travel in the near future.i feel very sad to miss the opportunity of meeting you and many others in the field of puter science. i wish the conference a plete success. sincerely yours,li minginquiry letterdear sir,thanks you very much for accepting our invitation. i am writing to ask for information about your beijing travel for the session. you will arriver at march 24, and please let me know that your arrival time and specific ways, so that we may arrange person to pick you up. we are looking forward to your arrival.sincerely yours,wang yang第四篇：国际会议中心国际会议中心■长隆酒店配有国际会展中心，这是华南地区最大的国际会展中心之一，独立的一整栋楼供您举办商务宴会、商务会议、主题婚宴等等。