2008年考博英语题一、vocabulary& structure1. Television commercials that sell household products have often been accused of ___ stereotypes of social roles.A. modifyingB. contrastingC. exposingD. reinforcing答案: D. reinforcing2. the United congress and state legislatures ___ thousands of laws every years.A. draftB. enactC. amendD. cancel答案: A. draft3. in 1979 Shirley Mount Hufstedler was appointed to head the ____ United States Department of Education.A. created newB. created a newC. created newlyD. newly created答案: D. newly created4. Archaeologists know ____ 35000 years ago, but it is still unclear for precisely what purpose.A. drawing being practicedB. when the practice of drawingC. that drawing was practicedD. practicing of drawing答案: C. that drawing was practiced5. The early years of the United States government were characterized by a debate concerning _____ or individual states should have more power.A. whether the federal governmentB. either the federal governmentC. that the federal governmentD. the federal government答案: A. whether the federal government6. those businessmen are engaged in fierce competition, yet they remain free from strain and ____.A. pressureB. weightC. oppressionD. depression答案: A. pressure7. He is timid, modest and ____.A. expressiveB. apprehensiveC. depressiveD. impressive答案: B. apprehensive8. if you ____ at this critical moment of the experiment, the whole project will end in failure.A. give awayB. give inC. give outD. give up答案: D. give up9. when the farmers visited the city the first time, they were ____ by its complicated traffic system.A. bewilderedB. acquaintedC. divertedD. informed答案: A. bewildered10. they were ____ in their scientific research, not knowing what happened just outside their lab.A. submergedB. drownedC. dippedD. immersed答案: D. immersed11. Watch the magician and try to ____ how he makes the dove disappear.A. set outB. figure outC. catch onD. work on答案: B. figure out12. The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates___ a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.A. butB. orC. andD. as答案: A. but13.care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is ____ loud continuous noise.A. associated withB. subjected toC. filled withD. attached to答案: B. subjected to14. I couldn’t help but ___ that it was a good idea to spend this summer holiday in Hawaii.A. thinkB. thoughtC. thinkingD. to think答案: C. thinking15. _____ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is.A. to giveB. GivenC. GivingD. Having given答案: B. Given16. Tired ___ she was, I had to disturb her.A. forB. asC. althoughD. because答案: B. as17.the experienced driver made an ____ turn to avoid hitting another car.A. abruptB. accidentalC. urgentD. vicious答案: C. urgent18. Mr. Park’s remarks raised doubts about the ____ of his opponent’s argument.A. processionB. validityC. separationD. discrimination答案: B. validity19. sometimes ____ is used to stimulate workers to work with more efforts.A. moneyB. salaryC. bonusD. wages答案: C. bonus20. You could ____ from his appearance that he was upset.A. restrainB. destroyC. discernD. obscure答案: C. discern二、Reading comprehension21. this article _____.A. discusses how the high-tech workers participate in Recessioncamp .comB. explains why organizes a variety of activitiesC. indicates various ways that high-tech workers can refresh themselvesD. analyzes the responsibilities of Recessioncamp. Com for high-tech workers’unemployment.答案: B. explains why organizes a variety of activities22. according to the passage, what has happened to many of the high-tech workers?A. they are having partiesB. they have lost jobsC. they are celebrating for unemploymentD. they have saved much money答案: B. they have lost jobs23. The sentence “is a support group without being a support group” meansA. is a true support groupB. is not a support groupC. is playing the role of a support groupD. is has no support group答案: C. is playing the role of a support group24. We can infer from the passage that _____A. provided a sense of community support for its campersB. campers have to pay much moneyC. the company that Ms. Kowalski founded has just been defunct.D. Ms. Kowalski founded 答案: A. provided a sense of community support for its campers25. It is implied but not stated that _____.A. high-tech workers are rushing for moviesB. high-tech workers are busy changing jobs.C. many high-tech companies closed downD. high-tech and its workers are involving a hard time答案: D. high-tech and its workers are involving a hard time26. Terrorists have obviously taken advantage of _____.A. the irresponsibility of the officials at border checkpointsB. the legal privileges granted to foreignersC. the excessive hospitality of the American peopleD. the low efficiency of the Immigration and Naturalization service答案: D. the low efficiency of the Immigration and Naturalization service27. We learn from the passage that coordinated efforts will be made by various U.S. government agencies to ____.A. limit the number of immigrants to the U.S.B. prevent the forgery of immigration papersC. ward off terrorist suspects at the borderD. refuse the renewing expire visas答案: C. ward off terrorist suspects at the border28. it can be inferred from the passage that before Sept.11, aliens with expired vias ____.A. might stay on for as log as they wishedB. would be closely watched by FB1 agentsC. would live in constant fear of deportationD. might have them extended without trouble答案: A. might stay on for as log as they wished29. It is believed by many that all these years the INS____.A. has been serving two contradictory functionsB. has ignored the pleas of the two powerful lobbiesC. has over-emphasized its service functions at the expense of the nation’ssecurityD. has been too liberal in granting visas to tourists and immigrants indiscriminately答案: C. has over-emphasized its service functions at the expense of the nation’s security30. before Spet.11, the U.S. Congress had been unable to pass stricter immigration laws because _____.A. education and business circles cared little about national securityB. resources were not available for their enforcementC. it was difficult to coordinate the efforts of the congressmenD. they might have kept away foreign students and cheap labor答案: D. they might have kept away foreign students and cheap labor31. we can infer from the passage that _____.A. shallow seas remain untouched in biological resourcesB. shallow seas are being exhausted in biological resourcesC. shallow seas are still richer in biological resources than deep seasD. shallow seas are not as rich in biological recourses as deep seas答案: B. shallow seas are being exhausted in biological resources32. according to the passage, it is true that _____.A. the sea has limitless resourcesB. we cannot get more food from the seaC. the fisheries of the future will greatly decrease their productionD. the depth of the open ocean limits its biological productivity答案: D. the depth of the open ocean limits its biological productivity33. if we used sea resources more properly, ____.A. we could live all the timeB. we could fertilize the plants with more fishC. we could get more pig and cattle meatD. we could extract more protein from the sea答案: D. we could extract more protein from the sea34. the last paragraph implies that _____.A. we haven’t used our sea resources sensiblyB. we feed fish to something lower down the food chain than ourselvesC. we don’t yet understand at all the “rules” governing the transfer to energyD. we prefer pig and cattle meat to fish meat答案: A. we haven’t used our sea resources sensibly35. the best title for this passage is ____.A. human attitudes towards the seaB. sea food and energy cycleC. mismanagement of the sea resourcesD. biological productivity of the sea答案: C. mismanagement of the sea resources36. the main idea of the first paragraph is that the car____.A. can satisfy the demand for speedB. causes waste of spaceC. produces disturbance to other road usersD. is far from perfect for short range movement答案: D. is far from perfect for short range movement37. More attention should be given to the bicycle as a means of transport because it is ____.A. a very efficient and simple deviceB. much cheaper than a carC. widely used in Amsterdam and CambrigeD. still used by rich people答案: A. a very efficient and simple device38. enclosing the bicycle in a plastic bubble would_____.A. make it easier to useB. save muscular energyC. provide protection in case of accidentsD. prevent it from colliding with other vehicles?答案: C. provide protection in case of accidents39. which of these is untrue for the present bicycle?A. it is far more efficient than the movement animalsB. it offers its rider no protectionC. it is not very suitable for carrying goodsD. it can hardly be improved on答案: D. it can hardly be improved on40. Which of the following statements does the write Not make?A. the bicycle would be safer with a plastic bubbleB. the weight of the device would be reduced by using new materialsC. it would be possible to design different types of bicyclesD. an electric motor can be fixed on the bicycle答案: B. the weight of the device would be reduced by using new materials41. according to paragraph2, what is general attitude towards bushiness on campuses dominate by purer disciplines?A. scornfulB. appreciativeC. enviousD. realistic答案:A. scornful:42. it seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees has been field mainly by ____.A. the complaints from various employersB. the success of many non-MBAsC. the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplinesD. the poor performance of MBA s at work答案: B. the success of many non-MBAs43.what is the major weakness of MBA holders accouding to the Harvard Business Review?A. they are usually self-centeredB. they are aggressive and greedyC. they keep complaining about their jobsD. they are not good at a dealing with people答案: D. they are not good at a dealing with people44. from the passage we know that most MBAs _____.A. can climb the corporate ladder fairly quicklyB. quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesC. receive salaries that do not match their professional trainingD. cherish unrealistic expectations about their future答案: D. cherish unrealistic expectations about their future45. what is the passage mainly about?A. why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programsB. the necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schoolsC. doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degreeD. a debate held recently on university campuses答案: C. doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree46. the author wants to prove with the example of Isasc Newton that_____.A. inquiring minds are more important than scientific experimentsB. science advances when fruitful researches are conducedC. scientists seldom forget the essential nature of researchD. unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research答案: A. inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments47. the author assets that scientists _____A. shouldn’t replace “scientific method” with imaginative thoughtB. shouldn’t neglect to speculate on unpredictable thingsC. should write more concise reports for technical journalsD. should be confident about their research findings答案: B. shouldn’t neglect to speculate on unpredictable things48. it seems that some young scientists_____.A. have a keen interest in predictionB. often speculate on the futureC. think highly of creative thinkingD. stick to “scientific method”答案: D. stick to “scientific method”49. the author implies that one results of scientific research_____.A. may not be as profitable as they are expectedB. can be measured in dollars and centsC. rely on conformity to a standard patternD. are mostly underestimated by management答案: A. may not be as profitable as they are expected50.what does the word “supposedly” mean?A. just imagining that something possibleB. impossibleC. surprisedlyD. unexpectedly答案: A. just imagining that something possible51. the “cut-off point for the survey ” in paragraph refers to ____.A. 146 billion----- the collective worth of the country’s richest 100 people.B. January -----the deadline for the surveyC. 31 million----- the increase of wealth in just 12 monthsD.160 billion----- the total value of the wealth of richest 1000答案: B. January -----the deadline for the survey52. how have the business attitudes changed in Britain?A. today’s economic boom cannot surpass Margaret Thatcher’s roomB. three-day week showed British people were more sluggish than they are todayC. people do not feel guilty about making moneyD. doing business in Britain is even more challenging than in America答案: C. people do not feel guilty about making money53. the millennium economic boom in Britain _____.A. benefits the richest aloneB. makes the life of the rest of the population even worse offC. has added to the Britain’s wealth by 16% since the late 1980D. is primarily due to the internet revolution答案: D. is primarily due to the internet revolution54. why does the author call the wealth of the riches “paper fortunes”?A. because their wealth is mainly generated from technology sharesB. because their wealth can be easily lostC. because their wealth is greatly influenced by start-up companiesD. because their wealth is quickly devalued with the up and down of house prices 答案: A. because their wealth is mainly generated from technology shares55.a new tendency emerged in the current boom is that ____.A. more and more people start hi-tech business to amass fortuneB. people are becoming rich at younger agesC. most of the richest make their fortune by inheritanceD. all the richest millionaires are aged 30 or above答案: B. people are becoming rich at younger ages三、translation1. During the past four decades the fishery scientists of the west have studied the dynamics of fish populations with the objective of determining the relation between the amount of fishing and the sustainable catch.答案:西方的渔业科学家在过去的四十年里研究了鱼群的动态变化,他们的目的是弄清楚鱼的数量和可持续性捕捞之间的关系。