一．绪言1.在信息显示技术中，人们发现了信息数字化的重要作用和意义。

数字化的信息更加准确，同一性，更易传输和识别。

很多信息可以直接由数字表示，从而数字化信息显示又成为信息显示的又一个重要内容。

又从数字化显示发展到字符显示，它把人类特有的语言文字用于显示，这种显示与数字显示合在一起用途更广用量更大。

在这同时，人们还希望用图形和图像进行显示，且显示的内容为五彩缤纷，并且可以实时活动和具有三维立体效果。

这些在二十世纪尾声时都已经陆续实现。

LCD的计算机器，半导体发光数码管显示（LED）的汽车计价器，商场的大屏幕广告。

这零零总总的各类显示正为你做着各种各样的服务，相信在不久的将来显示技术的发展将会为人类做出更大的贡献。

Ds1302时钟芯片现在流行的串行时钟电路很多，如DS1302、 DS1307、PCF8485等。

这些电路的接口简单、价格低廉、使用方便，被广泛地采用。

本文介绍的实时时钟电路DS1302是DALLAS公司的一种具有涓细电流充电能力的电路，主要特点是采用串行数据传输，可为掉电保护电源提供可编程的充电功能，并且可以关闭充电功能。

采用普通32.768kHz晶振。

（一）设计任务本课题采用ds1302的时钟芯片为主要的的设计来源，采用显示是1cd1602的图形点阵液晶显示。

，（二）提出方案及方案论证在设计中，我主要是考虑ds1302的时间显示问题，因为网上也有ds1302的读写和显示程序，但是至于怎样才能显示详细信息，我提出了两个方案，一个是LCD1602来显示，一个是LCD12864，其中1602是个字符型的点阵，而1CD12864是个图形的点阵，相比之下12864能够更好显示数据，而CPU都采用89C52的单片机（三）原理说明：原理其实很简单，LCD12864的各种指令先进行宏定义和ds1302的读写指令也进行宏定义，从ds1302的读出数据显示在lcd上（二）程序流程图（三）C51程序设计，重要的代码要有注释。

#include <reg52.h>#include <ABSACC.h>#include <intrins.h>#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned int/********各种指令的宏定义********/#define LLCD_CMD_WR PBYTE[0x10] // LCD左半部写的命令rs=0，wr=0 #define LLCD_CMD_RD PBYTE[0x11] // 读命令rs=0，wr=0#define LLCD_DA TA_WR PBYTE[0x12] // 写数据rs=1，wr=0#define LLCD_DA TA_RD PBYTE[0x13] // 读数据rs=1，wr=1#define RLCD_CMD_WR PBYTE[0x20] // LCD右半部部分#define RLCD_CMD_RD PBYTE[0x21] //#define RLCD_DA TA_WR PBYTE[0x22] //#define RLCD_DA TA_RD PBYTE[0x23] //#define WRITE_SECOND 0x80#define WRITE_MINUTE 0x82#define WRITE_HOUR 0x84#define WRITE_DAY 0x86#define WRITE_MOUTH 0x88#define WRITE_YEAR 0x8c#define READ_SECOND 0x81#define READ_MINUTE 0x83#define READ_HOUR 0x85#define READ_DAY 0x87#define READ_MOUTH 0x89#define READ_YEAR 0x8d#define WRITE_PROTECT 0x8E/*************************/sbit SCK =P1^1;sbit DIO =P1^0;sbit CE =P1^2;sbit K1 =P1^5;sbit K2 =P1^6;sbit K3 =P1^7;sbit busy=P0^7;uchar sec,min,hour,day,mouth,year,print;uchar buffer[16];code uchar shuzi1[] = {0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00, //0 0x00,0x10,0x10,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00, //1 0x00,0x70,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x28,0x24,0x22,0x21,0x30,0x00, //2 0x00,0x30,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x48,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00, //3 0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x20,0x10,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x04,0x24,0x24,0x3F,0x24,0x00, //4 0x00,0xF8,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x19,0x21,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00, //5 0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x88,0x88,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00, //6 0x00,0x38,0x08,0x08,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, //7 0x00,0x70,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x1C,0x22,0x21,0x21,0x22,0x1C,0x00, //8 0x00,0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x31,0x22,0x22,0x11,0x0F,0x00, //9 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,//- 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//. 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//空};code uchar hanzi1[] = {0x00,0x50,0x4F,0x4A,0x48,0xFF,0x48,0x48,0x48,0x00,0xFC,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x01,0x01,0xFF,0x21,0x61,0x3F,0x00,0x0F,0x40,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x40,0x20,0xF8,0x07,0x22,0x18,0x0C,0xFB,0x48,0x48,0x48,0x68,0x48,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x06,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x3F,0xC2,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x20,0x10,0x0C,0x03,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x06,0x0C,0x18,0x30,0x60,0x20,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x36,0x36,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x08,0x28,0x49,0x8A,0x0C,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x00, 0x40,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x04,0x03,0x06,0x38,0x10,0x00,0x07,0x20,0x40,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0xFE,0x60,0x90,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0x0C,0x10,0x21,0x40,0x78,0x00,/*******姓名：刘飞***********/};code uchar shijian1[] = {0x00,0xFC,0x44,0x44,0x44,0xFC,0x10,0x90,0x10,0x10,0x10,0xFF,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x00, 0x00,0x07,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x03,0x40,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x01,0x06,0x00,0xF0,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x92,0xF2,0x02,0x02,0xFE,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x07,0x40,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00, };code uchar riqi1[]={0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0x42,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x04,0xFF,0x54,0x54,0x54,0xFF,0x04,0x00,0xFE,0x22,0x22,0x22,0xFE,0x00,0x00, 0x42,0x22,0x1B,0x02,0x02,0x0A,0x33,0x62,0x18,0x07,0x02,0x22,0x42,0x3F,0x00,0x00, };code uchar hanzi2[]={0x00,0x02,0x02,0xF2,0x12,0x12,0x12,0x12,0xF2,0x02,0x02,0x02,0xFE,0x02,0x02,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x07,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x21,0xEE,0x04,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x29,0xA9,0xBF,0xA9,0xA9,0x01,0xFF,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x88,0x44,0x30,0x0F,0x00,0x0F,0x04,0x04,0x4F,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x48,0x48,0x48,0x48,0xFF,0x48,0x48,0x48,0x48,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x3F,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x4F,0x40,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0xE2,0x12,0x0A,0x06,0x02,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x00, 0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x41,0x81,0x7F,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,0x00,0xFC,0x44,0x44,0x44,0xFC,0x10,0x90,0x10,0x10,0x10,0xFF,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x00, 0x00,0x07,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x03,0x40,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x30,0x2C,0xEB,0x28,0x28,0x00,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0xFF,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x00, 0x01,0x01,0x01,0xFF,0x41,0x21,0x00,0x01,0x01,0x01,0xFF,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,0x00, };/******检测LCD忙函数*********/void lcd_busy_rd (uchar right){if(right==1)RLCD_CMD_RD;elseLLCD_CMD_RD;while (busy);}/**********写指令***********/void lcd_comd_wr(uchar cmdcode, uchar right) //写指令{lcd_busy_rd(right);if(right==1)RLCD_CMD_WR=cmdcode;elseLLCD_CMD_WR=cmdcode;}/********对LCD进行读写***********/void lcd_data_wr(uchar ldata ,uchar right) //{lcd_busy_rd(right);if(right==1)RLCD_DATA_WR=ldata;elseLLCD_DATA_WR=ldata;}/********延时函数*******/void delay(uint nms){uint i;while (nms--)for (i=0;i<500;i++);}/****lcd初始化*******/void lcd_init(void){uint k;lcd_comd_wr(0x3e+1,0); //左半部显示开lcd_comd_wr(0xc0+0,0); //左半部顶行为第0行lcd_comd_wr(0xb0+0,0); //设置左半部页的地址lcd_comd_wr(0x40+0,0); //设置左列得地址lcd_comd_wr(0x3e+1,1);lcd_comd_wr(0xc0+0,1);lcd_comd_wr(0x40+0,1);lcd_comd_wr(0xb0+0,1);for (k=0;k<256;k++){lcd_data_wr(0x00,0);lcd_data_wr(0x00,1);}lcd_comd_wr(0xb8+4,0);lcd_comd_wr(0x40+0,0);lcd_comd_wr(0xb8+4,1);lcd_comd_wr(0x40+0,1);for (k=0;k<256;k++) //这个for循环是为清楚不显示字的地方{lcd_data_wr(0x00,0);lcd_data_wr(0x00,1);}}/**********显示汉字****************//*********置入单个数字*********/void lcd_shuzi_wr(uchar posx,uchar posy,uchar*shuzi){uchar i1;if(posy<8){lcd_comd_wr(0xb8+2*posx,0); //左半部页的地址，相当于行扫描上半部分lcd_comd_wr(0x40+8*posy,0); //左半部列的地址for (i1=0;i1<8;i1++){lcd_data_wr(shuzi[i1],0);}lcd_comd_wr(0xb8+2*posx+1,0);//同上下部分的汉字lcd_comd_wr(0x40+8*posy,0);for (i1=8;i1<16;i1++){lcd_data_wr(shuzi[i1],0);}}else //否则右半部写{lcd_comd_wr(0xb8+2*posx,1);lcd_comd_wr(0x40+8*(posy-8),1);for (i1=0;i1<8;i1++){lcd_data_wr(shuzi[i1],1);}lcd_comd_wr(0xb8+2*posx+1,1);lcd_comd_wr(0x40+8*(posy-8),1);for (i1=8;i1<16;i1++){lcd_data_wr(shuzi[i1],1);}}}/**********输出方式**************//****row=写入的行，col=写入的字，*//****n=空几格的数************/void lcd_num_wr(uchar row,uchar col,uchar n,uchar*str){uchar i2;for (i2=print;i2<n;i2++){if (col>15){row++;col=col-16;}lcd_shuzi_wr(row,col,str+buffer[i2]*16); //i2=写入的数字col++;}}/**********显示汉字****************//*********置入单个汉字**********/void lcd_hanzi_wr(uchar posx,uchar posy,uchar*hanzi){uchar i1;if(posy<4){lcd_comd_wr(0xb8+2*posx,0); //左半部页的地址，相当于行扫描上半部分lcd_comd_wr(0x40+16*posy,0); //左半部列的地址for (i1=0;i1<16;i1++){lcd_data_wr(hanzi[i1],0);}lcd_comd_wr(0xb8+2*posx+1,0);//同上下部分的汉字lcd_comd_wr(0x40+16*posy,0);for (i1=16;i1<32;i1++){lcd_data_wr(hanzi[i1],0);}}else //否则右半部写{lcd_comd_wr(0xb8+2*posx,1);lcd_comd_wr(0x40+16*(posy-4),1);for (i1=0;i1<16;i1++){lcd_data_wr(hanzi[i1],1);}lcd_comd_wr(0xb8+2*posx+1,1);lcd_comd_wr(0x40+16*(posy-4),1);for (i1=16;i1<32;i1++){lcd_data_wr(hanzi[i1],1);}}}/**********输出方式**************//****row=写入的行，col=写入的字，*//****n=空几格的数************/void lcd_str_wr(uchar row,uchar col,uchar n,uchar*str) {uchar i2;for (i2=0;i2<n;i2++){if (col>7){row++;col=col-8;}lcd_hanzi_wr(row,col,str+i2*32);col++;}}/***读出一个字节**********/uchar Read1302_byte(uchar addr){uchar i3,dat1,dat2;CE=0;_nop_();SCK=0;_nop_();CE=1;_nop_();for (i3=0;i3<8;i3++) //写入要读的字节的地址{SCK=0;DIO=addr&0x01;addr=addr>>1;SCK=1;}for(i3=0;i3<8;i3++) //读数据{dat1=dat1>>1;SCK=0;if(DIO)dat1=dat1 | 0x80;SCK=1;}CE=0;_nop_();SCK=0;_nop_();SCK=1;DIO=1;dat2=dat1/16; //将16进制转化为10进制dat1=dat1%16;dat1=dat2*10+dat1;return(dat1);}/***x写入一个字节**********/void write_ds1302(uchar addr,uchar dat){uchar i2;CE=0;_nop_();SCK=0; _nop_();CE=1;_nop_();for (i2=0;i2<8;i2++) //写入要写的字节的地址{SCK=0;DIO=addr&0x01;addr=addr>>1;SCK=1;}for (i2=0;i2<8;i2++) //写数据{SCK=0;DIO=dat&0x01;dat=dat>>1;SCK=1;}CE=0;_nop_();DIO=1;SCK=1;}/*****将ds1302的数据分离**********/void zh(){buffer[0]=year/10;buffer[1]=year%10;buffer[2]=11;buffer[3]=mouth/10;buffer[4]=mouth%10;buffer[5]=11;buffer[6]=day/10;buffer[7]=day%10;buffer[8]=hour/10;buffer[9]=hour%10;buffer[10]=10;buffer[11]=min/10;buffer[12]=min%10;buffer[13]=10;buffer[14]=sec/10;buffer[15]=sec%10;}/**********读都ds1302的数据**********/void read(){sec=Read1302_byte(READ_SECOND);min=Read1302_byte(READ_MINUTE);hour=Read1302_byte(READ_HOUR);day=Read1302_byte(READ_DAY);mouth=Read1302_byte(READ_MOUTH);year=Read1302_byte(READ_YEAR);}/***********键盘扫描***********/void key(){uchar w;if (K1==0){while (!K1);write_ds1302(WRITE_PROTECT,0x00);min++;if(min>=60){min=0;hour++;if(hour>=24){hour=0;write_ds1302(WRITE_HOUR ,hour);}}w=min/10;min=min%10;min=min+w*16; //进制转换10进制转换16进制write_ds1302(WRITE_MINUTE,min); //把调整后的时钟写入到时钟芯片中}if(K2==0){while(!K2);write_ds1302(WRITE_PROTECT,0x00);hour++;if(hour>=24){hour=0;}w=hour/10;hour=hour%10;hour=hour+w*16;write_ds1302(WRITE_HOUR ,hour);}write_ds1302(WRITE_PROTECT ,0x80);print=0;lcd_num_wr(1,5,8,shuzi1); //写入到第几行，第几个开始，和写入的字数，写入的指针print=8;lcd_num_wr(2,5,16,shuzi1);}/*******主程序*************/void main(){lcd_init();delay(100);while(1){key();read();zh();print=0;lcd_num_wr(1,5,8,shuzi1); //写入到第几行，第几个开始，和写入的字数，写入的指针print=8;lcd_num_wr(2,5,16,shuzi1);lcd_str_wr(0,1,6,hanzi2);lcd_str_wr(3,0,6,hanzi1); //写入到第几行，第几个开始，和写入的字数，写入的指针lcd_str_wr(2,0,2,shijian1);lcd_str_wr(1,0,2,riqi1);}}三、仿真验证在程序和电路联合调试中我们出现这种或者是那种问题，比如说ds1302的读写程序问题，就是搞懂其中的读写的时序。