动词过去式变化规则
一.规则变化
1.一般直接加-ed 如：work—worked
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d 如：live—lived
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加-ed 如：study—studied
4.以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加-ed 如：enjoy—enjoyed
5.以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed 如：stop—stopped
二.不规则变化
1. A---A---A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）
动词原形过去式过去分词
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 割，切
hurt hurt hurt 受伤
hit hit hit 打
let let let 让
put put put 放下
read read read 读
set set set 安置，安排
spread spread spread 传播
shut shut shut 关闭
2. A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）
beat beat beaten 打
3. A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）
come came come 来
become became become 变
run ran run 跑
4. A ---B ---B型
（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
learn learned/learnt learned/ learnt 学习
mean meant meant 意思
hear heard heard 听见
（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。
build built built 建筑
lend lent lent 借给
lose lost lost 失去
send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花费
（3）其他
pay paid paid 付
lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 说
bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
think thought thought 想
fight fought fought 战斗
sleep slept slept 睡
keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 扫
stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 明白
win won won 得胜
shine shone shone 发光
catch caught caught 抓住
teach taught taught 教
feel felt felt 觉得
find found found 发现
get got got 得到
hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死/挂
have had had 有
hold held held 盛，握
leave left left 离开
make made made 制造
meet met met 遇见
shoot shot shot 射击
tell told told 告诉
sell sold sold 卖
smell smelt smelt 嗅，闻
sit sat sat 坐
dig dug dug 挖
5. A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）（1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
steal stole stolen 偷
give gave given 给
freeze froze frozen 冻结
take took taken 拿
see saw seen 看见
write wrote written 写
ride rode ridden 骑
drive drove driven 驾驶
throw threw thrown 抛，扔
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道
draw drew drawn 拉，绘画
show showed shown 展示
fly flew flown 飞
（2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
speak spoke spoken 说话
break broke broken 破碎，折断
wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒
choose chose chosen 选择
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。
begin began begun 开始
ring rang rung 按铃
sing sang sung 唱
sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 饮
（4）其他不规则动词的变化。
be(am, is) was/ were been 是
be(are) were been 是
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
wear wore worn 穿。