人教版七年级英语上册期末语法基础知识点复习(全册)(一)be动词。
1、be动词概说。
(包括am, are, is)①连系动词,本身有词义“是”,在句子中和其后的表语一起构成谓语。
e.g. I am tall.(表语)②助动词,无词义。
e.g. He is playing football.2、be动词的用法。
①am →主语是单数第一人称(即I)。
e.g. I am…②be →are 单数第二人称及所有复数。
e.g. You are…The coats are…○3is →单数第三人称及不可数名词。
e.g. Your father is…The money is…3、否定句式(即改否定句):在be动词之后+not, 句子其它部位不变。
e.g. He is not a teacher.4、缩写形式。
①主语+be,缩写be第一个字母为’,再与主语合并。
e.g. you are →you’re Jack is →Jack’s②be+not否定形式的缩写,缩写not中“o”为’, 再与be合并。
e.g. is not→isn’t are not→aren’t③不能缩写的情况:this is, these are, those are, am not及缩略的肯定回答。
e.g. Yes, I am. (I’m 误)5、含be动词句子的疑问句型转换。
①一般疑问句:将be动词提前,其它照抄不变,最后+?,读升调。
(一般第一人称改为第二人称)e.g. The man in the car is her father.→Is the man in the car her father?I’m a middle school student.→Are you a middle school student?②一般疑问句的肯否定回答。
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+be. 否定回答:No, 主语+ be+ not.e.g. Is he old? ——Yes, he is. /No, he is not.Are you a new student? ——Yes, I am./ No, I’m not.Is your father at home? ——Yes, he is./No, he is not.(isn’t)注意:①主语必须用代词回答;②肯定回答不能缩写;③回答第二人称,用第一人称回答。
③特殊疑问句(就划线部分提问)。
1) 方法:将句子被提问(即被划线)的部分改为相对应的疑问词,然后置于句首,接着再将be动词或情态动词提前(置于疑问词之后),其它部分照抄不变,最后+?(即疑问词+一般疑问句?)e.g. The man in a red cap is her brother.→Who is the man in a red cap?I can sing English songs. →What can you do?2) 注意:①被提问部分不能再写。
②提问动词(即提问做某事),在改句子时注意还“do”,表示做什么?3) 相应的疑问词。
1. 事物→what e.g. That is a cat. →What is that?2. 地点→where He is at home? →Where is he?3. 人→whoThe man is his father. →Who is the man?4)谁的→whose The coat is his. →Whose is the coat?(提问名词性物主代词whose后不用带物)That is Jack’s ball. →Whose ball is that?(提问形容词性物主代词whose后要带物或人)5)怎样(程度,方式) →how She’s fine. →How is she?How can he go to school?He can go to school by bus.6). 职业→whatMy father is a worker. →What is your father?7). 年龄→how oldOur grandpa is 80. →How old is your grandpa? 8). 班级→what class→What class are you in?We are in Class 2, Grade 1.9)数字→what My phone number is 2212121→What’s your phone number?10)哪一个→which→Which boy is Mike?The boy in a blue shirt is Mike.(一般which用来提问定语,并且后要带物或人)11). 颜色→what colour His car is yellow.→What colour is his car?12. 数量→how many+可数复数名词There are two books on the desk. →How many books are there on the desk?how much+不可数名词There is only a little water in the glass. →How much water is there in the glass?13)时间→what time →What time can you get there?I can get there at six.when →When can you go with me?I can go with you on Sunday.14)价钱→how much→How much is the bag? The bag is twenty yuan.(二)代词:1、代词的形式2、代词的用法①动作的发出者,代词用主格,(一般在句首,动词前)。
e.g. He often writes to me.②动作的承受者,代词用宾格,(一般在句末,动词后、介词后)。
e.g. Let’s ask him.Lets play with them.③物的主人,用物主代词。
(即代词所有格)1)形容词性物主代词后一定要带物,不能单独使用,一般用在名词前。
e.g. This is their classroom.That is my bike.It is her red coat.2)名词性物主代词,相当于形容词性物主代词+物。
e.g. The books are hers. (her books)The bike is his. (his bike)3)形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词之间的区别:形容词性物主代词:后要带物(即名词)。
It’s my pen.名词性物主代词:后不带物。
It’s mine.(因此填物主代词应注意判断后有无带物,有用形容词性物主代词,无即用名词性物主代词。
)4)名词性物主代词作主语,要注意be的形式。
e.g. These are not her pens. Hers are in the bag.(her pens)This is not our classroom. Ours is over there.(our classroom)5)含形容词性物主代词与含名词性物主代词的句子可以转换。
(译法稍有不同)e.g. This is her pen →This pen is hers.Those black cats are his. →Those are his black cats.6)提问物主代词用whose.e.g. This is my pen. →Whose pen is this?These pens are mine. → Whose are these pens?注意:1. 提问形容词性物主代词,用Whose+物。
2. 提问名词性物主代词,用Whose.3. Whose + be + 主语,be 根据主语判断。
7)whose 句型的转换。
e.g. Whose coat is this?→Whose is this coat?(三)所有格:表示物或人的“所属”关系。
1、名词所有格的形式:①名词之后直接+’se.g. Mary―Mary’s Kate―Kate’s②以s结尾的名词只加'e.g. students―students’2、以上形式一般只用于有生命的名词,但也可用于表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词。
e.g. today’s newspaper;an hour’s walk; China’s city3、注意:①表示两者或多者共有,在最后一个名词+ ’s。
e.g. Mike and Jim’s room.(共用,用单数)②如果不是共有,指各有,则各词都应+’s。
e.g. Mike’s and Jim’s rooms. (各有,用复数)4、表示无生命的名词所有格用of短语表示,但注意词序与汉语习惯不同,形式为:名词+of+名词(前者属于后者)。
e.g. the door of the room. 那房间的门the picture of my family. 我的家庭的照片5、注意:有时’s 结构可以转化为of 短语。
(对等)e.g. his father’s friends →the friends of his father. the girl’s new bike →the new bike of the girl.the dog’s name →the name of the dog但不是所有of 结构都有对等的’s结构。
因为’s 只用于有生命的词。
(四)名词的数。
1、名词的概念:名词是指表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词,如:teacher, school, morning, thanks, duty. 名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。
2、可数名词。
1)可数名词是指可以用数目计算是名词,有单复数两种形式。
可数名词包括个体名词:e.g. apple , student.集体名词:e.g. class people2)用法:①单数名词前可用a, an修饰;②之前可以直接用数词;③之前可用a lot of, lots of,many, some等修饰;④提问其数量用How many + 复数名词;3)可数名词的复数形式:英语名词复数的构成有规则变化和不规则变化两种形式。
A 规则变化:①一般在单词的结尾直接+s; e.g. book ―books②如果单词以s, x, ch, sh等结尾,+es; bus ―buses③若以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+es;city ―cities story ―stories④以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为ves;wife ―wives knife ―knives⑤以o结尾,有生命的+ese.g. tomatoes;没有生命的+s e.g. zoos;⑥两个名词用在一起构成合成名词变复数时,只把合成名词的主体名词变成复数。