《英语语言学概论》精选试题1. Which of the following statements about language is NOT true? CA. Language is a systemB. Language is symbolicC. Animals also have languageD. Language is arbitrary2. Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language? AA. SymbolicB. DualC. ProductiveD. Arbitrary3. What is the most important function of language? CA. InterpersonalB. PhaticC. InformativeD. Metalingual4. Who put forward the distinction between Langue and Parole?AA. SaussureB. ChomskyC. HallidayD. Anonymous5. According to Chomsky, which is the ideal user's internalized knowledge of his language? AA. competenceB. paroleC. performanceD. langue6. The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it?" is B .A. informativeB. phaticC. directiveD. performative7. Articulatory phonetics mainly studies D .A. the physical properties of the sounds produced in speechB. the perception of soundsC. the combination of soundsD. the production of sounds8. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in B .A. the place of articulationB. the obstruction of airstreamC. the position of the tongueD. the shape of the lips9. Which is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription? AA. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. SemanticsD. Pragmatics10. Which studies the sound systems in a certain language? BA. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. SemanticsD. Pragmatics11. Minimal pairs are used to B .A. find the distinctive features of a languageB. find the phonemes of a languageC. compare two wordsD. find the allophones of language12. Usually, suprasegmental features include D ,length and pitch.A. phonemeB. speech soundsC. syllablesD. stress13. Which is an indispensable part of a syllable? DA. CodaB. OnsetC. StemD. Peak14. Which is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content? BA. WordB. MorphemeC. AllomorphD. Root15. Which studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed? AA. MorphologyB. SyntaxC. PhonologyD. Semantics16. Lexeme is B A. a physically definable unit B. the common factor underlying a set of formsC. a grammatical unitD. an indefinable unit17. Which of the following sounds does not belong to the allomorphs of the English plural morpheme ? CA. [s]B. [iz]C. [ai]D. [is]18. All words contain a A A. root morpheme B. bound morpheme C. prefix D. suffix19. The relationship between "fruit" and "apple" is B A. homonymy B. hyponymy C. polysemyD. synonymy20. The part of the grammar that represents a speaker's knowledge of the structure of phrases and sentences is called C A.lexicon B. morphology C. syntax D. semantics21. Which of the following items is not one of th e grammatical categories of English pronouns? DA. genderB. numberC. caseD. voice22. The pair of words "lend" and "borrow" are B .A. gradable oppositesB. converse oppositesC. co-hyponymsD. synonyms23. "Big" and "Small" are a pair of B opposites.A. complementaryB. gradableC. completeD. converse24. According to C. Morris and R. Carnap, which is studies the relationship between symbols and their interpreters? CA. syntaxB. semanticsC. pragmaticsD. sociolinguistics25. There are B diesis in the sentence she has sold it here yesterday. A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 626. In the following conversation:- Beirut is in Peru, isn't it?- And Rome is in Romania, I suppose.The second person violates the C A. Quantity Maxim B. Quality Maxim C. Relation Maxim D. Manner Maxim27. The maxim of requires that a participant's contribution be relevant to the conversation. DA. quantityB. qualityC. mannerD. relation三、判断：Mistake is unintentionally deriant from the target language and not self-corrigible by the learner, which suggests failure in competence.答案是：F四、简答题共30分，3题，要求字数不得超过100。

1 画出树形图：The president thinks that he will win.这个题型年年考，07年的句子和06年的几乎是换汤不换药：3 分析reference, sense 之间的联系和区别。

三、判断1.Simplification of grammar occurs, so does elaboration or complication.2.Five general types of speech acts share the same illocutionary point, but differ in strength.3.Speakers of all languages are capable of producing and comprehending an infinite set of sentences.4.Phonology is concerned with the abstract set if sounds in a language which allows us to distinguish meaning in the actual physical sounds we say and hear.5.The analyst collects samples of the language as it is used, not according to some views of how it should be used. This is called the prescriptive approach.6.The term “learning”, when used of language, refers to the gradual development of ability in a language by using it naturally in communicative situation. The term “acquisition”, however, applied to a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of voca7.Broad transcription is normally used by the phoneticians in their study of speech sounds.8.Sense means what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical world.9.The notion of context is essential to the semantic study of language.nguage is both arbitrary and non-arbitrary.四、1.Specify the cognitive factors in child language development.2.Draw the tree diagram for the following sentence to show its syntactic structure. The boy who was sleeping was dreaming.3.Specify the five types of synonyms.4.What are the possible causes of language change?五、评论Language is not an abstract construction of the learned, pr of the dictionary-makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the ground. Walt WhitemanDo you share your opinions with Walt Whiteman or not? What’s your understanding of language?。