Part 3 工作类Money:1 .How important is it to save money for the future?It's fundamental to save money for the future for many reasons. First of all, if you really want to enjoy life, you need to put money aside to pay for a holiday or to buy a car or a house. In addition, in case of emergency, it's wise to have money saved somewhere. For example, if someone in my family gets sick, which I hope won't happen (knock on wood!), getting a top-notch doctor or surgeon costs a lot of money in my country, and it's essential to have enough to afford medical care. On top of this, if you want to get married, you need money because girls won't get married to a guy who doesn't have anything. Later on, you have kids, and giving them a good education comes at a price. Saving money is indispensable in today's world.2. Do parents and children have different attitudes to saving money?Yes, most probably, because children don't usually fully understand the notion of money. Young people don't need to worry about money or their future, because their parents are taking care of them. However, I think that children's attitude towards money will depend on their parents' behavior. Parents act as role models for their kids and kids willparents)，no matter whether they’re careful about money or don’ hesitate to spend it.3. Do you think that credit cards have changed people's shopping habits?Yes, definitely! When people go to the mall, they don't need to carry lots of cash with them. So it's very convenient because people can buy expensive stuff anytime and almost anywhere. In addition, even if they don't have much money on their credit cards, people can still swipe them and buy stuff. They go into debt but they usually have a month to pay the bank back. So credit cards definitely facilitate shopping (= make shopping simple) for customers. However, in my country, we still can't use credit cards in every shop, but it's spreading quickly everywhere.4. Do you think that we will have a cashless society in the future?Well, it might happen, and maybe sooner than we expect. I guess in the future everyone will have a personal ID card with money on it, just like a credit card, and we'll be able to pay for the subway, or to buy food at any supermarket, convenience store, or restaurant. We'll just need to swipe the card or present it in front of a payment machine.5. How important is salary when choosing a job?Well, salary is fundamental when we choose a job, because we all work in order to make a living. If the salary isn't satisfactory, chances are that we'll tryto find another job. There are other factors that are important too, like whether the job is interesting or whether there are chances to get trained and promoted in the future, but salary is definitely important for every employee.6. What jobs do you think will be highly paid in the future?You mean people who, right now, don't get so much money, but will in the future? That's a tough question... Environmentally-friendly engineers will definitely get a lot of money in the future if they manage to come up with ideas that will benefit the environment. Otherwise, managers, doctors, lawyers, businessmen, and architects already get a very high salary, and that won't change in the future.1．Why does shopping make some people feel happy?Well. we should really ask this question to some ladies．I guess that it's always a pleasant feeling to get some new clothes that look good. It can make you look better, and people feel more confident when they are pleased with their appearance. In addition, a lot of women consider shopping a hobby. It's relaxing for them. They can spend time with their friends or their mothers, chatting and laughing while trying on new clothes．we all Know how much most women worry about their appearance, so it's understandable that shopping for nice clothes and shoes can make them excited. What's more, we are all becoming more materialistic: we all care about having a car, a nice mobile, a good computer, because other people do．We can't help comparing what we have with what others bought. On top of this, if we can buy something nice and expensive with our own money, we will experience a sense of achievement.2.Are there any dangers of using credit cards for young people and for society?Yes, there might be some dangers for people who are not that (= so) responsible, because they might buy too much and not realize how much they have spent. Later on, they won't be able to pay the bank back if their balance is very low. As a result, they might have massive (= huge) debts to pay at a very young age if they are not mature (= responsible)enough. I guess having a credit card makes it look very easy to buy things.3. Can money buy everything？No, definitely not. Although money can help you with a lot of things in life, cash doesn't buy health, or happiness, or love. Someone could be rich but have cancer. A workaholic could get a high salary but still be on his own when he comes home. However there is no doubt that money can make our lives more exciting. Without any money, I wouldn't even consider applying to a foreign university. I wouldn't get to travel or party with my friends. Money can't buy everything, but it definitely helps．4. How do governments raise money?Well, governments raise money from taxes and different fees. For example, when people want to apply for an ID card, or a passport, or a visa, they must pay money to the government. Whenever we want to drive on the highway, we also need to pay tolls. Many companies like real estate agencies also need to pay a high fee to run their business. In addition, I suppose that governments can get a loan from the World Bank or another international bank.5．If public spending in your country was increased, what should be the priorities?I think that education should be a priority. Right now, there is a huge gap between schools in rural areas and those in the cities. In addition, the government should hire more teachers, because classrooms are packed; and teachers usually have to face 60 students per class. That's too much for the teacher to insure good results for everyone.6. Who should pay for services such as education and health care?It makes sense for the government to pay, but given how populated China is, I think it's normal for every family to pay a small fee in order to put their kids through school. There are millions of children in China, and it costs a fortune to offer a good education to every one of them. As far as health care is concerned, I think that the government should provide some help, but employers should also offer insurance that covers their employees’ medical fees.Future:1．Why do many people want to go abroad for an extended period of time?A lot of Chinese students want to further their studies overseas because they believe that foreign universities can offer a better education, as well as more opportunities for their future. Some people want to find a job abroad in order to see the world and experience new things．In some cases, people expect to find a better job and to make more money. I've heard that many Australian students take a year off after their studies in order to relax before starting out in life（＝finding a job)．They want to visit many countries and experience life on the road. I think it's amazing for young people to be able to do this. In China, if a student finds a part-time job, he’11 never make enough money to fly all around the globe.2. What should these people do before going abroad?Well, if they want to study overseas, they need to do the same as me: they must study English and prepare for the IELTS test, and apply to a university in the country of their choice. In order to do so, they must write many letters of motivation and prove that they have enough money to support their studies. After that you need to get the visa, and this is never easy for Chinese people. A lot of students decide to pay an immigration agency to help them with all the documents and requirements involved in the long process.3. What would you miss most if you went abroad?I would definitely miss my parents and relatives, as well as my friends of course, but I think that this is very obvious．In addition, I would probably miss the food, especially all the spicy dishes I am really fond o# I might also get homesick from time to time, and depending on where I live, I might find it difficult to get used to my new environment. Life is so comfortable when you are at home, and you speak the language, and you know where to find anything you need.4. How fast have things changed during your lifetime?Things have changed a lot! In 20 years, people have changed their lifestyles in many ways：nowadays it is common to drive a car; 20 years ago, everyoneused a bike. At home, no one had a computer or a mobile phone; now people think you are strange if you don't own one. In addition, our eating habits have changed a lot too．People frequently go to the restaurant and spend a lot of money on food they didn't use to eat when they were younger, like pizza, chips, or other Western food. I could also talk to you about the price of houses．Twenty years ago, I bought an apartment for 20,000 yuan, but now I could sell it for almost one million! It's crazy, isn't it?5.Do you think that the pace of change will continue to increase in the future？Absolutely！There is no doubt that things will continue to change at a fast pace. They say that nothing can stop progress, and I really agree with this saying. There will be more developments in every single field of studies. In terms of science, I am sure that scientists will create new medicines and cure many illnesses. I heard about a doctor who is doing some research on snakes and other predators (=animals that prey on other animals) because they are thought to have stronger genes．In the world of architecture, education and technology, things will keep on developing, which means higher skyscrapers, smaller mobile phones, and new methods to learn English too！1. Why are extreme sports so popular these days?Well, extreme sports are really thrilling（＝exciting)．People want to experience new feelings and test their limits．I guess that nowadays people are a little tired of doing the same activities all the time. Occasionally some of them decide to try something new, you know, something out of the ordinary, and sometimes something even a bit crazy！My friends tried bungee-jumping this past summer, and they thought it was absolutely amazing. They said they experienced a real thrill（＝an adrenaline rush) and they really had a blast.Extreme sports seem like a lot of fun, and if you try once, you'll never forget. Skydiving, scuba diving, waterskiing or parasailing must be once-in-a-lifetime experiences.2. What types of leisure activities are popular with families in your country?Most families enjoy going out for dinner to appreciate a great meal and spend timecatching up with relatives while chatting and relaxing．In addition，a lot of familiesfrequently go for a walk together. In my hometown, there are many mountains that surround the city, and so we can follow many trails up the hills into the forest. It's a good chance to spend time together and enjoy a peaceful activity at the same time．However, I believe that most relatives often watch TV together or play cards or mahjong, especially during the holidays.3. Compare leisure activities available today with those available to your parents’ generation.Well, in the past people used to read a lot, and they also spent more time outside, fishing, growing vegetables or flowers, or playing cards with neighbors．But things have changed. We definitely have access to more activities these days compared to the past. First of all, thanks to modern technology, and the fact that everyone has a computer these days, it is possible to watch movies online, to play computer games, to chat with friends or even play. some online card games or board games. People can also gamble（＝play with money) online if they want to. I think they shouldn't but it's still possible. In addition, a lot of new sports have emerged（＝appeared) and many people go to the gym or practice yoga with a professional trainer. Some of my friends take belly-dancing lessons, others go rock-climbing every weekend. Now that people in my country are able to earn more money because of the economic development China has recently experienced, people can afford to relax and enjoy themselves more. As a result, many new leisure activities have become popular.4. Which leisure activities do you think will be popular in the future?Well, I think outdoor activities will become even more popular in the future, because people will get tired of staying home on their computers. In the last 10 years, everyone got extremely excited at the idea of having access to the Internet and the benefits it brought to our lives, but I believe that very soon people will realize the negative impacts it also has on our health and daily habits. So I guess people will decide to go out more, to enjoy sports and get-togethers with friends．5. Do you agree or disagree with the idea that more leisure time helps people to work harder?Yes, definitely！When people get to forget about their obligations（＝responsibilities) for a while, they are able to relax, and recharge their batteries．Later on, when they get back to work, they will be able to concentrate on their tasks and will most certainly do their job more efficiently. Everyone knows that when people work on the same job for a long time without taking any time off, they get tired of it.6. Do you think that people will have more or less leisure time in the future?I think that people will have more time in the future because everyone seems tounderstand that constantly working（＝working all the time) doesn't make sense if we don't have time to enjoy the money we are making. I believe that in the future, people will really be eager to enjoy life. People realize life is short, and it's important to seize the day (="carpe diem"), right?1 ．How effectively do schools prepare people for jobs?Well, actually, I don’t think schools prepare students well enough for their future careers. In class, we usually learn about theories and general knowledge, which I guess are important, but most courses are not practical enough, so whenever a young person starts a job, he or she has no experience and no clue what to expect from the position. As a result, companies must spend a lot of time and money on training. I think many university departments should provide more internships（=first-hand practical job experience for students) for students to realize what work is really about, and what skills they need to acquire (=get)．Schools should definitely be more practical, you know, more pragmatic.2. What are the benefits of having a long-term career plan?Well, anyone who has a long-term career plan can actually imagine what the future would be like. And it is important because this can give young people hope and motivation. People who don't have goals (on the short or long term) can't succeed, because they don't know what they want. I think it's beneficial to make plans, even if plans change; at least they pave the way to the future, and make people feel safe, as well as determined and confident.3. Apart from pay, what is important to people in a job?Many people are looking for a stable position, with benefits such as insurance, holidays, a maternal leave for women. In addition, many employees sign a contract with a company where they feel they, will learn a lot through training and experience．Some young people are very ambitious and want to improve themselves: On top of this, other aspects of work are essential: young people hope they might get promoted and earn more money in the future; relationships with colleagues and the atmosphere at work are also fundamental. And of course, the location of the company is also crucial. Would you work far from home, in a rural area, or in an expensive city? All of this matters when we look for a job.4. What jobs are more popular with women?Well, I think that we usually picture women as nurses or teachers, especially for young children in kindergarten, because most women are definitely more considerate and patient than most men. I guess this is the stereotypical（＝conventional) idea society has of women. In addition, I think that in thebusiness world, many women in my country work for the HR(= the Human Resources) department because people think the jobs require a lot of people skills based on communication, planning and patience. However, nowadays, you can find women in every field. Women work as police officers, managers, surgeons, and some of them also set up their own companies．Things have changed.5. What factors should be considered when facing the age of retirement?We should consider the number of years people have been working. If someone starts working at the age of 18，he or she should be entitled to retire at an earlier age than someone who got a PhD and started work at 26．In addition, the government should also take into consideration the work people actually do．Whether the job is physically difficult or mentally stressful makes a difference．Firemen who risk their lives very often should be allowed to retire earlier. I think it should be the same for most manual laborers whose jobs are physically tiring. On the other hand, office workers can probably work longer because their jobs are supposed to be easier. I guess in China, the government has difficulty because they need to bear in mind the large population of our country. If we ask older specialists to stay in office, they will be able to train young people longer, but at the same time, they should retire to offer more jobs to the younger generations. It's quite a dilemma (= a tough problem).6. What makes a good businessman?It's now your turn to answer! A good businessman should be creative because…，hard-working and ambitious because…，good at negotiating... They should also be able to foresee future problems or financial openings…）1. What kinds of small businesses are found in your local area?Well, there is a great variety of small businesses where I live. There are quite a few shops to start with, especially convenience stores; bakeries, and shops that sell motorbikes．We have a street full of them, with scooters, electric bikes, and 125 cylinder motorbikes. In addition, there are some small-sized companies all around my neighborhood that hire maybe 30 to 50 employees. Most of them sell services and household appliances. There is a real-estate agency; there is an interior design（＝house-decoration) company too. There must be a couple of factories further down the street as well.2. How important are local businesses for a community?Local businesses are fundamental for a community. First of all, they create jobs, which is good for the population. If people work in a certain area of the city, it means that they will probably move with their family to this district. This will create a lively neighborhood community which will attract more people. The community can grow bigger and probably wealthier too．3. Do you think there will be any changes in the employment situation in your area?I live in the outskirts of the city, so I really think there will be many changes taking place where I live in the future．My neighborhood is changing and expanding year after year. Right now, there are a lot of new houses being built, but many people work far away. I expect a lot of companies to move closer to my home in the near future, creating many job opportunities．I live in the city center and I don't think there will be many changes in terms of employment there. There are a lot of different shops and restaurants everywhere．The owners might change, but the situation will most definitely remain the same in the future. A lot of small old stores are closing, but they are being replaced by modern ones that still hire people.4. How can governments help small businesses?I’m not too sure about that, but I think that governments should try to minimize charges and taxes for the first few years after the company opens. I think they can tax them only once the small businesses are stable and actually turning a profit. In addition, the government could loan money to young entrepreneurs (=people who start their own businesses) who have a clear plan for the future.5. Compare the benefits of running your own business and working in a company.Okay, if you work for a company, you will have a fixed schedule and a fixed salary, which is comfortable and safe．In addition, you are not investing any ofyour money, so you don't need to worry or stress about tomorrow. On top of this, you could benefit from the company's training, and learn a lot from a personal point of view. On the other hand, if you work for yourself, you might have more freedom, in terms of time and scheduling. You don't need to obey anyone else; you make your own decisions, and that's nice. Usually, if you work for yourself, you know why you are working, and you can expect to make more money if you are successful. The more you work, the more you make. It is very motivating and rewarding. If you set up your own company, you will definitely experience a sense of achievement.6. Are there any disadvantages to running your own business?Yes, of course. First of all, it's risky, because you must invest quite a lot of money to start with. In addition, although many people think you will have more free time, I believe that you will have to work harder because you will care more about what you're doing, and you will be eager to make a profit. You will probably be stressed too at first, especially if business takes time to pick up (=to be successful)．And you will also need to make all the important decisions, so you might be under a great deal of pressure.Shop:1．What kinds of shops are there near your home?There are plenty of different shops in my neighborhood. Close by my house, thereis a pretty big supermarket, and next to it there is a street full of stores：clothing shops, convenience shops. There are a few restaurants and fruit grocers too. I frequently go to the bakery there to buy some bread or snacks．They also set upa bookshop, and I believe they are building a KFC across the corner.2. How do shops nowadays compare to shops in the past?I think that nowadays there are a lot more shops than in the past. As a result, customers have way more choices than they did 30 years ago. In addition, there are a lot of big shops, like supermarkets, and these places are extremely convenient. I believe that a long time ago, people had to go to different shops to buy everything they needed: the butcher's, the-grocer's, the dairy shop. Nowadays, a superstore like Wal-Mart or Carrefour provides every single necessity. And of course, you can find shopping centers wherever you go, with modern malls that concentrate every single shop you can think of in one place.I think that in the past, everything was a bit smaller, but I believe that the shop owners were also more welcoming, and caring （= considerate)．3. In what ways are shops important to a local community?Shops are fundamental to a local community. Shops create life in the community. If there were no shops around your house, people would only come home to sleep, and the place would be too quiet, almost dead during day time. In addition, shops provide a good chance to go out and socialize. Women, for example, can meet with their lady friends to go shopping. Families can agree to go out for dinner. Finally, shops create jobs for people. If there are job offers, more people will move into the neighborhood, and this will be good for business. It works as a circle：shops open, people find a job, more people move in, so more shops open.4. Do you think there will be fewer small, local businesses in the future?No, I don't think so．I believe that there will always be a lot of small businesses, especially here in China, because a lot of young people want to set up their own companies. They might want to expand. their businesses and make it big on the long term, but their companies will definitely be small at first. In addition, I believe that people like to go to small businesses, like small shops or small hair-salons, because usually these places offer better service and quality products.5. What are the features of a successful shopping center?I think that a great shopping mall should be modern and comfortable for customers. It should be spacious, and conveniently located. Location is essential if you want to attract clients．The interior of shops should be neat（＝tidy) and, most importantly they should offer good quality products as well as good service. If they do so, they will attract and retain their customers. This will create a lively atmosphere and be good for business at the same time.6. What are the advantages of shopping in a large supermarket?Obviously, if the supermarket is large, there are more choices for customers．The shoppers can find everything they really need. Large supermarkets are supposed to be more convenient, and they save time because you don't need to run from one shop to another. In addition, because supermarkets sell more, prices are very often lower than in smaller street retail shops.7. How can shops increase the number of customers they get?They definitely need to provide good service in order to satisfy customers’expectations. If the clients are pleased with the quality of the products and the service, as well as the price, they will most definitely spread the word（＝tell everyone) and come back for more shopping. In addition，shops can offer discounts and advertise for bigger promotional periods. I think offering sales will without a doubt attract customers．8. Compare shopping in open-air markets and in shops.I hardly ever go to the public market, but I know my parents do．They buy meat, fish and vegetables at the market. They believe that the products are fresher and of better quality. They might have more choices too, because so many fishmongers and butchers come to display their products．I think that compared with the supermarket, it is easier to talk to the stall vendors and to find out about where the meat comes from, or ask practical（＝useful) questions about how to cook the fish. Usually people at the street market are very out- going, and they take time to talk to their customers．9. What products are better suited for selling at open-air markets?People definitely go to the market to buy fresh products such as vegetables, fish and meat. There are other kinds of markets too, where you can buy cheap clothes, or second-hand books. In any case, items sold at markets should be easy to carry for the street vendors．10. How does the quality of service differ in different types of shops?Well, the quality of the products varies depending on where you are shopping．For example, in my hometown, we have an area specialized in IT, and you can buy any kind of technological item. But because the prices are quite cheap, you should be aware that the quality might not be as reliable as it would be if you bought it in a licensed store. When it comes to supermarkets, compared to the local supermarkets, big chain stores like Carrefour, the French store, are usually cleaner and better organized. Usually the food there is fresher and cheaper. But it really depends on where you go. You should try many places to make up your own mind.。