3、4、8、9课后练习答案第三课一．术语翻译1.philosophical concept2.mutual transformation3.balance of yin and yang4.transformation between yin and yang5.extreme cold turning into heat6.pathological changes7.absolute predominance8.general rule of pathogenesis9.supplementing what it lacks of10.eliminating wind and dispersing cold11.mutually inhibiting and promoting12.mutually inhibiting and restraining13.interdependence14.excess of yin leading to decline of yang15.contrary and supplementary to each otheranic whole17.impairment of yang involving yin18.deficiency of both yin and yang19.deficiency cold syndrome20.suppressing yang and eliminating wind一．句子翻译1.Yin and yang are two concepts in classical Chinese philosophy.2.Yin and yang are the summarization of the attributes of two opposite aspects of interrelatedthings or phenomena in nature.3.The formation, development and changes of all things in the universe are the result of themovement of yin and yang that oppose to each other and unite with each other.4.The celestial qi pertains to yang because it is light and lucid, while the terrestrial qi pertains toyin because it is heavy and turbid.5.The course of mutual restraint and inhibition between yin and yang signifies their progress inmutual reduction and promotion.6.Yin cannot exist alone without yang and vice versa.7.Separation of yin and yang results in exhaustion of essence.8.Only through constant reduction, growth and balance can the normal development of thingsbe maintained.9.Under given conditions, either yin or yang may transform into its counterpart.10.Sprout of things signifies transformation while extreme development of things indicateschange.11.Yin and yang are indispensable the human body.12.Functions pertain to yang while substances to yin.13.If yin and yang fail to promote each other and are thus separated from each other, it will leadto the end of life.14.No matter how complicated pathological changes of a disease are, they are nothing more thanrelative predominance of yin or yang.15.The so-called healthy qi refers to the structure and functions of the body, including bodyresistance against diseases.16.If any part of the body, either yin or yang, becomes deficient to a certain extent, it willinevitably lead to insufficiency of the other part.17.Imbalance between yin and yang is the intrinsic factor responsible for the occurrence andprogress of a disease.18.The manifestations of complexion can tell whether a disease pertains to yin or yang in nature.19.The basic therapeutic principle is to supplement insufficiency and reduce excess.20.Only when appropriate herbs are chosen can excellent therapeutic effects be ensured.第四课一．术语翻译1.the doctrine of five elements; the theory of five phases2.free development3.to be generated and to generate4.restraint in generation5.Wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally.6.Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.7.Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing.8.over restriction and counter-restriction9.Wood over restricts earth because it is deficient.10.promotion, restriction, inhibition and transformation11.disorder of a mother-organ involving its child-organ12.insufficiency of essence and blood in the liver and kidney13.blood deficiency in the heart and liver14.exuberant fire in the heart15.insufficiency of liver yin16.declination of kidney yang17.weakness of the spleen and stomach18.soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach19.insufficiency of kidney yin20.balance between water and fire二．句子翻译1.Wood, fire, earth, metal and water are the five most essential materials indispensable tohuman existence.2.The formation of the theoretical system of TCM was deeply influenced by the doctrine of fiveelements.3.Water is characterized by moistening and downward flow.4.The liver pertains to wood because it controls elevation.5.The spleen pertains to earth because it controls transportation and transformation.6.The kidney pertains to water because it controls water metabolism.7.Restriction implies that one thing brings under control or restraint of the other.8.Since wood generates fire, wood is the generator of fire; since fire generates earth, fire is thegenerator of earth.9.Subjugation or over restriction means to launch a violent attack when a counterpart is weak.10.When wood is too strong, it will over restrict the spleen and counter-restrict metal.11.Since the heart can warm the body, it pertains to fire.12.The liver stores blood to complement the liver.13.The kidney stores essence to nourish blood in the liver.14.The idea that the disorder of a child-organ attacks the mother-organs means that the disease istransmitted from a child-organ to its mother-organ.15.The human body is an organic whole. So disorders of the internal organs can be manifestedover the surface of the body.16.Restriction includes over restriction and counter-restriction, both of which are abnormalrestriction among the five elements.17.The basic relationships among the five elements are generation, restriction, over restrictionand counter-restriction.18.The one that generates is the mother-element while the one that is being generated is thechild-element.19.Clinically the doctrine of five elements is used to decide therapeutic principles and methods.20.The doctrine of five elements obviously has certain limitations and is still in need of furtherimprovement.第八课一．术语翻译1.innateness2.nutrients; refined substance3.blood circulation4.water metabolism5.way of qi movement6.ascending, descending, exiting and entering movements of qi7.normal function of qi activity8.primary motive force of life9.warming and nourishing the viscera10.qi of the viscera and meridians11.qi activity12.qi transformation13.innate qi14.acquired qi15.healthy qi16.pathogenic factors17.primordial qi18.thoracic qi19.nutritive qi20.defensive qi二．句子翻译1.Qi is the most essential substance to constitute the body.2.Qi in the body is derived from innate qi that is transformed from the kidney essence inheritingfrom the parents, and acquired qi from both food nutrients that are transformed by the spleen and stomach and fresh air that is inhaled by the lung.3.The innate essence depends the essential qi stored in the kidney to takes effect.4.The nutrients from water and food are transformed and absorbed through the function of thespleen and stomach in transportation and transformation.5.Qi is a sort of refined substance with powerful activity.6.Body temperature is maintained with the warming function of Qi.7.In terms of its defensive function, qi mainly protects the whole body and prevents exogenouspathogenic factors from invading the body.8.Qi prevents blood and body fluid from losing.9.Failure of qi to control blood may lead to various kinds of bleeding.10.Qi transformation refers to changes caused by qi movement.11.Qi flows all through the body to promote and stimulate various physiological functions of thebody.12.The organs and tissues like viscera and meridians are all the places where qi ascends anddescends as well as exits from and enters into the body.13.If qi stops ascending, descending, exiting and entering, it will lead to an end of life activities.14.The primordial qi is the most essential and important qi and is the primary motive force oflife.15.Innate weakness or improper care after birth or prolonged illness will lead to deficiency anddecline of the primordial qi, and consequently causing various diseases.16.The thoracic qi is accumulated in the chest and functions to invigorate the heart and regulateheart rate and the rhythm of heartbeat.17.The nutritive qi comes from the nutrients transformed from water and food by the spleen andstomach.18.The nutritive qi is distributed in the blood vessels and flows to the whole body as part of theblood.19.The defensive qi flows outside the blood vessels with strong force and high speed.20.The nutritive qi pertains to yin because it maintains inside the body while the defensive qipertains to yang because it governs the surface of the body.第九课一．术语翻译1.qi promoting the production of blood2.qi promoting the flow of blood3.qi commanding blood4.blood carrying qi5.blood generating qi6.qi promoting the production of body fluid7.qi promoting the flow of body fluid8.qi commanding body fluid9.body fluid carrying qi10.body fluid generating qi11.body fluid and blood sharing the same origin12.exhaustion of qi due to loss of body fluid13.exhaustion of qi due to hemorrhage14.loss of qi due to profuse sweating15.Normal flow of qi ensures normal flow of blood while stagnation of qi causes stagnation ofblood.16.Qi commands the blood and the blood carries qi.17.Normal flow of qi ensures normal flow of body fluid while stagnation of qi causes stagnationof body fluid.18.nourishing qi to stop collapse19.Sweating therapy should be not be used to treat patients suffering from hemorrhage.20.Sweating therapy should not be used to treat hemorrhage.二．句子翻译1.Qi, blood and body fluid are the basic substances for maintaining life activities.2.Since qi pertains to yang because it is active in nature while the blood pertains to yin becauseit is static in nature, the relationship between qi and the blood can be understood according to the relationship between yin and yang.3.The production of blood depends on the qi transforming activities of several viscera.4.The idea that qi commands the blood means that qi governs the blood and keeps it to flowinside the vessels.5.The blood and body fluid depend on each other and transform into each other physiologicallyand influence each other pathologically.6.Both the blood and body fluid, pertaining yin in nature as compared with qi, are liquidsubstances that nourish and moisten the body.7.The spleen and stomach play an important role in the production of body fluid.8.The blood is composed of fluid and nutritive qi. That is why fluid is an important part of theblood.9.The metabolism of body fluid is characterized by opening and losing activities under thepromotion and transformation of qi.10.The body discharges fluid through urination and sweating.11.The body fluid transforms into qi, the mechanism of which is the same as that of the blood ingenerating qi.12.Pathologically excessive consumption of body fluid and profuse fluid oozing from the vesselswill lead to emptiness of the vessels.13.Sweating therapy cannot be used to treat patients with deficiency of blood and insufficiencyof body fluid because profuse sweating will further consume body fluid.14.The blood and body fluid not only depend on each other and transform into each other, butalso share the same source of production. That is to say that they all come from the nutrients of water and food.15.Metabolism of fluid depends on qi to promote and transform.16.The state and flow of qi influence the movement of body fluid.17.Clinically herbs for supplementing qi are often used together with other ones to treat patientswith blood deficiency.18.The production, distribution and discharge of body fluid depend on the lung, spleen, kidneyand triple energizer to transform qi.19.If qi fails to command body fluid because of deficiency, it will lead to abnormal discharge ofurine and sweating with the manifestations of incontinence of urine, enuresis and profuse sweating, etc.20.Qi can promote the production and flow of the blood and command the blood. That is why itis said that “qi is the commander of the blood”.。