2016年全国中考英语试题专题练习：名词一．选择题（共30小题）1．（2016•昆明）Each couple in China can have two_____from January 1st，2016（ ）A．boy B．girl C．children D．child2．（2016•重庆）It's sports time．Most ________ students in Class 1are playing football on the playground．（ ）A．boy B．boys C．boy's D．boys'3．（2016•绥化）Our school has fifty﹣six teachers．（ ）A．woman B．women C．woman's4．（2016•宜宾）Yibin is one of the most beautiful ____in Sichuan．（ ）A．city B．cities C．citys5．（2016•南宁）These _______ in beautiful dresses will have a party this evening．（ ）A．man B．men C．woman D．women6．（2016•绥化）room is big and nice．（ ）A．Kate's and Jane's B．Kate's and JaneC．Kate and Jane's7．（2016•新疆）This is bedroom．It's tidy and nice．（ ）A．Lily's and Lucy's B．Lily and Lucy'sC．Lily's and LucyD．Lily and Lucy8．（2016•安顺）There'll be a ________meeting next week，and my parents will ______come for it．（ ）A．parents'；all B．parents'；bothC．parent's；all D．parent's；both9．（2016•东营）﹣Are you sure this is a photo _______，the famous comedy actress？﹣It surprised you，didn't it？But she was once really thin．（ ）A．Jia Ling B．Jia Ling'sC．of Jia LingD．of Jia Ling's10．（2016•黑龙江）The Belt and Road Initiative （一带一路倡议）will help China improve with those related countries，especially Pakistan．（ ）A．relationship B．agreement C．environment11．（2016•重庆）﹣﹣﹣It's hot today．Have some ________，please．﹣﹣﹣No，thanks．I'm not thirsty at all．（ ）A．waterB．potatoes C．breadD．cakes12．（2016•绵阳）He was born in Germany，but he has made China his ______．（ ）A．family B．address C．house D．home13．（2016•重庆）It's cold today．Take your______ with you when you go out．（ ）A．knife B．coat C．brushD．key14．（2016•福州）﹣Who is the person you admire the most？﹣Qian Xuesen，the Father of China's Missiles．He is the ______ of China．（ ）A．leader B．pride C．voice15．（2016•达州）﹣﹣﹣Why did Lucy look unhappy？﹣﹣﹣Because she was so careless that she made many spelling____in her homework．（ ）A．friends B．plans C．decisions D．mistakes16．（2016•江西）Some old people need a _______ because they feel lonely．（ ）A．gift B．stick C．pet D．watch17．（2016•滨州）﹣Do you know about the scientist Tu Youyou？﹣Yes，she won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine because of her great．（ ）A．surprise B．achievement C．education D．satisfaction18．（2016•青岛）Nancy took her temperature and found she had a ______．（ ）A．cough B．toothache C．cold D．fever19．（2016•苏州）Steve Jobs was full of﹣always coming up with new ideas which led to greatchanges in society．（ ）A．instructionB．invitation C．introduction D．invention20．（2016•广东）The broken ______may cut into your hand if you touch it，you should be careful．（ ）A．glass B．glasses C．candle D．candles21．（2016•深圳）﹣Mr．White，could you give me someadvice？I have trouble in learning English．﹣Sure．First，you should be confident and never give up．Second，…（ ）A．introductions B．suggestionsC．instructions22．（2016•自贡）﹣﹣﹣How can I get some_____about the 2016 Olympic Games？﹣﹣Why not search the Internet？（ ）A．information B．experienceC．practice23．（2016•温州）When an earthquake happens，I think the most important safety _____ is to keep calm（ ）A．rule B．doubtC．condition D．problem24．（2016•孝感）﹣Mom，I will eat less fast food this year，believe me．﹣If you make a ________，you must keep it．（ ）A．joke B．noise C．mistake D．promise25．（2016•武汉）﹣﹣﹣Look，the boss is very angry with Alex．﹣﹣﹣Well，he came late again．But that's no______ to shout at him．（ ）A．problem B．lesson C．excuse D．Reason26．（2016•湖北）﹣﹣﹣Look!So many colorful bicycles in two lines over there．﹣﹣﹣They're for public．This ______ of green smart traffic is everywhere in Xiangyang city．（ ）A．number B．pair C．kind D．piece27．（2016•东营）﹣Why do people never cut up the _______________ on their birthdays？﹣Because they are a symbol of long life．（ ）A．eggs B．cakesC．noodles D．dumplings28．（2016•德州）Bill will be a/an ___________ to interview the football players in the coming Rio 2016 Olympics．（ ）A．guest B．reporter C．tourist D．engineer29．（2016•山西）During the next few days，I decide to have a good _______ by taking a walk or seeing a movie．I really need to relax．（ ）A．meal B．sleep C．rest30．（2016•河南）﹣﹣Are you going out with Jade tonight？﹣﹣That's my．Mind your own!（ ）A．offer B．business C．question D．chance参考答案与试题解析一．选择题（共30小题）1．（2016•昆明）Each couple in China can have two_____from January 1st，2016（ ）A．boy B．girl C．children D．child【分析】从2016年1月1日起，中国的每对夫妻可以有两个孩子．【解答】答案：C 根据此空前的two，可知此处需要可数名词的复数形式．boy、girl、child都是单数形式．children为child的复数形式．故选C．【点评】本题考查可数名词的复数．可数名词变复数时一般在词尾加s．但是也有特殊情况．如child的复数就是children．2．（2016•重庆）It's sports time．Most ________ students in Class 1are playing football on the playground．（ ）A．boy B．boys C．boy's D．boys'【分析】现在是运动时间．一班的大部分男生在操场上踢足球．【解答】答案：A根据句子结构可知该空处在句中作定语修饰名词students，选项中是名词boy的各种形式，有其复数形式和单复数的名词所有格形式，根据名词作定语常用单数形式，且不随后面的名词的数而发生改变（man、woman除外），故填boy的单数形式即可，故选A．【点评】本题考查了名词作定语的形式，根据名词作定语常用单数形式，结合选项即可选出正确答案．3．（2016•绥化）Our school has fifty﹣six teachers．（ ）A．woman B．women C．woman's【分析】我们学校有五十六名女教师【解答】答案：B．根据语境teachers是复数，因为woman修饰名词是必须和它修饰的名词保持数的一致，故woman也应为复数women，所以答案为B．【点评】本题考查可数名词的单复数，考生可根据语境作答．4．（2016•宜宾）Yibin is one of the most beautiful ____in Sichuan．（ ）A．city B．cities C．citys【分析】在四川，宜宾是最美丽的城市之一．【解答】答案：B 根据"one of the most beautiful…"可知本句是最高级的句子，表示宜宾是最美丽的城市之一．one of后应用名词的复数形式．city为可数名词，且是以辅音+y结尾的单词，故变复数时应该把y变为i加es．故其复数形式为cities．故选B．【点评】本题考查名词的复数形式．首先找到one of是做题的关键，只有在复数之中才能挑出之一．其次要能正确写出单词的复数形式．5．（2016•南宁）These _______ in beautiful dresses will have a party this evening．（ ）A．man B．men C．woman D．women【分析】这些穿漂亮裙子的女人今天晚上要参加一个晚会．【解答】答案：D 根据语境these（这些）可知本空应填复数形式，故可排除A，C．根据语境in beautiful dresses（穿漂亮裙子）可知应是女人，故可排除答案B，因此本题答案为D．【点评】本题考查具体语境中名词的单复数的应用，在理解句意的基础上可正确作答．6．（2016•绥化）room is big and nice．（ ）A．Kate's and Jane's B．Kate's and JaneC．Kate and Jane's【分析】凯特与简的房间又大又漂亮．【解答】答案：C根据room为单数形式，及is知凯特与简共用一个房间，根据名词所有格用法，表示两者共同拥有只在最后一个人后加's，故应为Kate and Jane's，故选C．【点评】此题考查名词所有格的用法，考生需注意仔细审题，其中room是完成该题的关键．7．（2016•新疆）This is bedroom．It's tidy and nice．（ ）A．Lily's and Lucy's B．Lily and Lucy'sC．Lily's and LucyD．Lily and Lucy【分析】这是Lily和Lucy的卧室，它又整洁又漂亮．【解答】答案：BLily's and Lucy's指两个分别有的，Lily and Lucy's指两人共有的；根据It's tidy and nice．可知这是一个卧室，是单数，所以应该是两人共有的，故选B．【点评】本题考查名词所有格，先弄清所有格的用法，再根据情景选择正确答案．8．（2016•安顺）There'll be a ________meeting next week，and my parents will ______come for it．（ ）A．parents'；all B．parents'；bothC．parent's；all D．parent's；both【分析】下星期将有一个家长会，我的父母都会来参加的．【解答】答案：B．由于parent（父母）是一个复数名词，其所有格应为parents'根据语境my parents（我的父母亲）是两个人，第二空处应填both（两者都）．故答案为：B．【点评】本题考查名词的所有格，考生需结合语境才能正确作答．9．（2016•东营）﹣Are you sure this is a photo _______，the famous comedy actress？﹣It surprised you，didn't it？But she was once really thin．（ ）A．Jia Ling B．Jia Ling'sC．of Jia LingD．of Jia Ling's【分析】﹣你确定这是著名的喜剧演员贾玲的照片吗？﹣它让你吃惊了，不是吗？但是她曾经真得很瘦．【解答】答案：Ca photo of sb．=sb's photo某人的照片；of…的，'s也表示"…的"，是所有格形式，故选C．【点评】本题考查名词所有格，注意所有格的表达方法，根据其形式选择正确答案．10．（2016•黑龙江）The Belt and Road Initiative （一带一路倡议）will help China improve with those related countries，especially Pakistan．（ ）A．relationship B．agreement C．environment【分析】一带一路倡议将帮助中国改善与那些（沿线）相关国家的关系，尤其是巴基斯坦．【解答】答案：A；relationship关系；联系；agreement协定，协议；environment环境，外界；根据常识，一带一路倡议将会加强与沿线国家的关系；故根据句中信息The Belt and Road Initiative （一带一路倡议）will help China improve…with those relatedcountries，especially Pakistan，推测该句句意：带一路倡议将帮助中国改善与那些（沿线）相关的国家的关系，尤其是巴基斯坦．故选A．【点评】细读所提供的选项，认真分析它们的不同含义，然后在理解句意把握语境的基础上，选择正确的答案．11．（2016•重庆）﹣﹣﹣It's hot today．Have some ________，please．﹣﹣﹣No，thanks．I'm not thirsty at all．（ ）A．waterB．potatoes C．breadD．cakes【分析】﹣﹣﹣今天天气很热．请喝些水吧．﹣﹣﹣不，谢谢．我一点也不渴．【解答】答案：A根据选项的意思water"水"；potato"土豆"；bread"面包"；cake"蛋糕"，结合答语No，thanks．I'm not thirsty at all"不，谢谢．我一点也不渴．"可推知在上文中对方让他喝点东西，故选A【点评】首先根据语境，细读选项中四个名词的不同含义，然后通过题干中的已供信息，捕捉到解题线索即可选出正确答案．12．（2016•绵阳）He was born in Germany，but he has made China his ______．（ ）A．family B．address C．house D．home【分析】他出生在德国，但是他已经把中国当做他的家．【解答】答案：D family家庭，家人；address地址；house房子；home家．根据"made China…"可知这是短语make sth sth（把某物看成某物）．可知他只能把中国看成他的家．故选D．【点评】本题考查名词的词义辨析．四个词的侧重点不同．本题考查抽象意义的"家"，注意与"家人"和"房子"的区别．13．（2016•重庆）It's cold today．Take your______ with you when you go out．（ ）A．knife B．coat C．brushD．key【分析】今天天气很冷．当你外出时带上你的外套．【解答】答案：B 根据It's cold today可知，今天很冷，出门要带上外套；又知knife意为"小刀"；coat意为"外套，上衣"；brush意为"刷子"；key意为"钥匙"．所以此处应用coat．故选B．【点评】此题考查名词词义辨析．做题时，找准关键句判断所缺意思，再分析各选项含义，筛选出答案．14．（2016•福州）﹣Who is the person you admire the most？﹣Qian Xuesen，the Father of China's Missiles．He is the ______ of China．（ ）A．leader B．pride C．voice【分析】﹣你最崇拜的人是谁？﹣中国导弹之父钱学森，他是中国的骄傲．【解答】答案：B；leader领导者；pride骄傲；voice嗓音；根据句中信息﹣QianXuesen，the Father of China's Missiles推知后面额句意：他是中国的骄傲；故选B．【点评】比较和分析三个选项的不用含义及其用法是解答该题的关键；还要根据句中信息正确推测该句句意，进而作出解答．15．（2016•达州）﹣﹣﹣Why did Lucy look unhappy？﹣﹣﹣Because she was so careless that she made many spelling____in her homework．（ ）A．friends B．plans C．decisions D．mistakes【分析】﹣为什么Lucy看起来不高兴？﹣应为她是如此粗心以至于她的作业犯了很多拼写错误．【解答】答案：D；friend朋友；plan计划；decision决定；mistake错误；根据句中信息she was so careless推测后面的句意：她的作业犯了很多拼写错误；故选D．【点评】了解每个选项的含义是做好此类题型的关键，还要从句意着手，根据句意作出解答；所以，平时的学习中要多进行积累词汇，才能很好的完成．16．（2016•江西）Some old people need a _______ because they feel lonely．（ ）A．gift B．stick C．pet D．watch【分析】一些老人需要一个宠物因为他们感到孤独．【解答】答案：C根据选项的意思A、礼物；B、拐杖；C、宠物；D、手表，结合句子的意思是由于老人感觉孤单，因此推知需要有宠物陪伴．故选C【点评】此题考查名词词义辨析．做题时，找准关键句判断所缺意思，再分析各选项含义，筛选出答案．17．（2016•滨州）﹣Do you know about the scientist Tu Youyou？﹣Yes，she won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine because of her great．（ ）A．surprise B．achievement C．education D．satisfaction【分析】﹣你知道科学家屠呦呦吗？﹣是的，由于她的伟大成就她嬴得了2015年的诺贝尔医学奖．【解答】答案：Bsurprise惊讶；achievement成就；education教育；satisfaction满意；赢得诺贝尔奖的人一定是有巨大成就的，故选B．【点评】本题考查名词词义辨析，先弄清所给词的词义，再根据情景选择正确答案．18．（2016•青岛）Nancy took her temperature and found she had a ______．（ ）A．cough B．toothache C．cold D．fever【分析】﹣南希量了体温并且发现她发烧了．【解答】答案：D解析：由题目中看出南希量了体温，很容易知道她是发烧了，以下四个选项中只有D是发烧的意思A．cough咳嗽B．toothache牙疼C．cold感冒D．fever发烧，故选D．【点评】本题主要是考察对生病的几个单词的理解，根据题目内容，选择合适的词语．19．（2016•苏州）Steve Jobs was full of﹣always coming up with new ideas which led to greatchanges in society．（ ）A．instructionB．invitation C．introduction D．invention【分析】史蒂夫•乔布斯富有发明创造力，总是产生一些导致社会发生巨大变化的新想法．【解答】答案：D；instruction教诲；invitation邀请；introduction介绍；invention发明；根据句中信息always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society推知上句句意：史蒂夫•乔布斯富有发明创造力；故选D．【点评】首先根据语境，细读选项，然后通过题干中的已供信息，捕捉到解题线索．20．（2016•广东）The broken ______may cut into your hand if you touch it，you should be careful．（ ）A．glass B．glasses C．candle D．candles【分析】破碎的玻璃可能会割到你的手，如果你去碰它的话．你应当小心．【解答】答案：A．首先明确选项中名词的意思，A：玻璃/杯子；B：眼镜/杯子（复数）；C：蜡烛（单数）；D：蜡烛（复数）；根据设空处后面的动词cut 推测句意是"破碎的玻璃可能会割到你的手，如果你去碰它的话．你应当小心．"，由此判断句子中缺少"玻璃"一词，故答案为A．【点评】了解每个选项的含义是做好此类题型的关键，还要从句意着手，根据句意作出解答；所以，平时的学习中要多进行积累词汇，才能很好的完成．21．（2016•深圳）﹣Mr．White，could you give me someadvice？I have trouble in learning English．﹣Sure．First，you should be confident and never give up．Second，…（ ）A．introductions B．suggestionsC．instructions【分析】﹣﹣怀特先生，你能给我一些建议吗？我学英语有困难．﹣﹣当然，首先，你应当有信心，永远不要放弃．其次，…【解答】答案：B．首先明确选项中名词的意思，A：介绍/引进；B：建议；C：说明；根据原句中的advice"建议"一词判断选项B符合答案，注意suggestion是可数名词而advice是不可数名词，故答案为B．【点评】了解每个选项的含义是做好此类题型的关键，还要从句意着手，根据句意作出解答；所以，平时的学习中要多进行积累词汇，才能很好的完成．22．（2016•自贡）﹣﹣﹣How can I get some_____about the 2016 Olympic Games？﹣﹣Why not search the Internet？（ ）A．information B．experienceC．practice【分析】﹣﹣我如何能够得到一些关于2016年奥运会的信息？﹣﹣为什么不上网搜索呢？【解答】答案：A．首先明确选项中名词的意思，A：信息；B：经历；经验；C：练习；根据上下句结合设空处后面的about the 2016 Olympic Games 推测问句的句意是"我如何能够得到一些关于2016年奥运会的信息？"，由此判断句子中缺少"信息"一词，故答案为A．【点评】了解每个选项的含义是做好此类题型的关键，还要从句意着手，根据句意作出解答；所以，平时的学习中要多进行积累词汇，才能很好的完成．23．（2016•温州）When an earthquake happens，I think the most important safety _____ is to keep calm（ ）A．rule B．doubtC．condition D．problem【分析】当地震发生时，我认为最重要的安全规则是保持冷静．【解答】答案：A．首先明确选项中名词的意思，A：规则；B：疑虑；C：状况；D：问题；根据When an earthquake happens和设空处前面的safety推测句意是"当地震发生时，我认为最重要的安全规则是保持冷静．"，由此判断句子中缺少"规则"一词，故答案为A．【点评】了解每个选项的含义是做好此类题型的关键，还要从句意着手，根据句意作出解答；所以，平时的学习中要多进行积累词汇，才能很好的完成．24．（2016•孝感）﹣Mom，I will eat less fast food this year，believe me．﹣If you make a ________，you must keep it．（ ）A．joke B．noise C．mistake D．promise【分析】﹣妈妈，今年我会吃更少的快餐食品，相信我．﹣如果你许诺了，你必须守信．【解答】答案：Dmake a joke开玩笑；make a noise吵闹；make a mistake犯错；make a promise许诺；根据I will eat less fast food this year可知这是一个许诺，故选D．【点评】本题考查名词词义辨析，先弄清所给词的词义，再根据情景选择正确答案．25．（2016•武汉）﹣﹣﹣Look，the boss is very angry with Alex．﹣﹣﹣Well，he came late again．But that's no______ to shout at him．（ ）A．problem B．lesson C．excuse D．Reason【分析】﹣﹣看，老板对Alex很生气．﹣﹣他又迟到了，但是没有借口朝着他大喊．【解答】答案：C．首先明确选项中名词的意思，A：问题；B：功课；C：借口；D：理由；根据语境联系上下句推测设空处所在句子的句意是"但是没有借口朝着他大喊．"，由此判断句子中缺少"借口"一词，故答案为C．【点评】了解每个选项的含义是做好此类题型的关键，还要从句意着手，根据句意作出解答；所以，平时的学习中要多进行积累词汇，才能很好的完成．26．（2016•湖北）﹣﹣﹣Look!So many colorful bicycles in two lines over there．﹣﹣﹣They're for public．This ______ of green smart traffic is everywhere in Xiangyang city．（ ）A．number B．pair C．kind D．piece【分析】﹣看，那边这么多彩色的自行车排成两排．﹣它们是公共自行车，这种绿色智能交通在襄阳市到处可见．【解答】答案：Cnumber数字，号码；pair双；kind种类；piece张，片；根据So many colorful bicycles in two lines over there．及They're for public．可知此处谈论的是城市公共自行车，是一种绿色智能的交通，故选C．【点评】本题考查名词词义辨析，先弄清所给词的词义，再根据情景选择正确答案．27．（2016•东营）﹣Why do people never cut up the _______________ on their birthdays？﹣Because they are a symbol of long life．（ ）A．eggs B．cakesC．noodles D．dumplings【分析】﹣生日时为什么人们从来不切断面条？﹣因为他们是长寿的象征．【解答】答案：Cegg鸡蛋；cake蛋糕；noodle面条；dumpling饺子；长寿面是长寿的象征，所以此处指的是面条，故选C．【点评】本题考查名词词义辨析，先弄清所给词的词义，再根据情景选择正确答案．28．（2016•德州）Bill will be a/an ___________ to interview the football players in the coming Rio 2016 Olympics．（ ）A．guest B．reporter C．tourist D．engineer【分析】在即将到来的2016年里约奥运会上Bill将成为一名记者去采访足球运动员．【解答】答案：Bguest客人；reporter记者；tourist游客；engineer工程师；根据to interview the football players可知此处应填记者，故选B．【点评】本题考查名词词义辨析，先弄清所给词的词义，再根据情景选择正确答案．29．（2016•山西）During the next few days，I decide to have a good _______ by taking a walk or seeing a movie．I really need to relax．（ ）A．meal B．sleep C．rest【分析】在接下来的几天里，我决定好好休息一下，散散步或看看电影．我真的需要放松．【解答】答案：C．首先明确选项中名词的意思，A：一餐；B：睡眠；C：休息；根据语境推测句意是"在接下来的几天里，我决定好好休息一下，散散步，看看电影．我真的需要放松．"，由此判断句子中缺少"休息"一词，have a good rest为固定短语，好好休息．故答案为C．【点评】了解每个选项的含义是做好此类题型的关键，还要从句意着手，根据句意作出解答；所以，平时的学习中要多进行积累词汇，才能很好的完成．30．（2016•河南）﹣﹣Are you going out with Jade tonight？﹣﹣That's my．Mind your own!（ ）A．offer B．business C．question D．chance【分析】﹣﹣今天晚上你要和Jade出去吗？﹣﹣这是我的事情，管好你自己的事吧！【解答】答案：B．首先明确选项中名词的意思，A：提议；B：事情；C：问题；D：机会；根据语境推测答语句意是"这是我的事情，管好你自己的事吧！"，由此判断句子中缺少"事情"一词，故答案为B．【点评】了解每个选项的含义是做好此类题型的关键，还要从句意着手，根据句意作出解答；所以，平时的学习中要多进行积累词汇，才能很好的完成．。