7. 5. present 8. (后置定语) 出席的,在场的 the students present 9. (前置定语) 目前的,现在的 the present situation
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见《3+证书》P.74 / P. 75
6. hard / hardly
努力 / 几乎不
7. late / lately
Surprisingly, he got home so early.
2.频度副词: often, always, usually, seldom, never, sometimes,hardly 等的位置 She always goes to her aunt’s by train. He had hardly got up when the telephone rang. We usually have a discussion after class.
finest biggest hottest
以辅音+y 结尾的词 happy 须去掉 y 变为 i 再
+er /est
happier
happiest
多音节词在其前 +more /most
beautiful more
most
beautiful beautiful
一.形容词、副词的比较级、最高级(不规则变化)
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二. 形容词、副词比较级最高级的几种常用句型
4. the +最高级+of/ in+比较范围： He is the tallest of the boys in his class. Our country has the largest population in the world.
5. “越来越…” 比较级+ and +比较级： Winter is coming. The weather is getting colder and colder. The trees grow taller and taller year by year.
6. “越… ，就越…” the +比较级，the+比较级： The harder you work at it, the better you’ll do in it. The more you talk, the less patient he gets.
7. the+比较级(+of the two…) 指“两者中较…样的一个”
迟到 / 最近
8. alone / lonely
单独 / 孤独
9. already / still / yet 已经 / 仍然,还
一般在实义动词前，助动词、系动词、情态动词9后
一.形容词、副词的比较级、最高级(规则变化)
构成法
原级 比较级 最高级
单 音节词末+er /est small smaller smallest
以-e 结尾词+r /st fine
重读闭音节须双写末 big 尾辅音字母后再+er hot /est
finer bigger hotter
形容词的句法功用
形容词是用来修饰名词和代词，表示人和事物的特 征和性质，在句中作定语、表语、宾补、状语
They have just bought a new car. (定语) The tomato soup is delicious. (表语)
I thought him honest.
(宾补)
She came back home, cold and hungry.
I want to talk with the taller of the twins.
Of the two books, I will take the thinner.
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三. 形容词、副词倍数的表达法
1) 倍数as+原级 +as This room is twice as big as that one They produced three times as many TV sets as they did last year.
2)倍数+ 比较级+ than The iron box is three times heavier than the wooden one They produced twice more grain than we did.
四. 形容词、副词比较级最高级其它要点
1. much; even; rather; a little; a bit; a lot; far/ by far; any 等词可用来修饰比较级
Nothing can _m_a_k_e_ h_i_m_ _sa_d__.
他尽量使他的课有趣.
He tried to _m__a_ke_ his lessons _in_t_e_r_e_st_in_g_.
请睁大眼睛.
Please __k_ee_p_ your eyes _o_p_e_n__.
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形容词的句法功用 作状语
oldest / eldest
*形容词最高级前面必须加 the
副词最高级前面可以不加 the
二. 形容词、副词比较级最高级的几种常用句型
1. 比较级 + than: He is taller than I.
2.
This one is more difficult than that
one.
2. as + 原级 + as : He is as tall as his brother.
Which is right ?
a sleeping boy ✓ the boy alive ✓
an asle×ep boy
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形容词的句法功用 作宾语补足语
Please keep the door open.
We found him dead on the floor.
Who has made him angry? 没有什么能使他伤心.
I have as many books as you have.
3.不如 … not as/so +原级+ as: … less +形容词/副词+ than …
This dress is not so/as expensive as that one. This dress is less expensive than that one. Today is not so cold as yesterday. He doesn’t earn as much money as his sister does. = He earns less money than his sister does.
village. 2.名词词组如 five years, ten metres 可用来修饰比较级 I am five years older than you. He is a head taller than I . This bridge is two hundred metres longer than that one.
修饰形容词、副词，放在其修饰词后 修饰名词，放在其修饰词前。
2. 以-ly结尾的词性辨析:
大部分的副词都是 形容词+ly 构成, 但少数以-ly 结尾的词是形容词:
lively, lonely, lovely, deadly(致命的),
friendly, ugly, silly, likely
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见《3+证书》P.73-74
The wounded are being looked after in the hospital.
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1. 副词的基本功能:
作状语，修饰动词：
He drives carefully.
He plays tennis very badly.
修饰全句的副词一般放在句首：
Fortunately, he was not injured.
He is lying on the ground, dead. They got home, tired and hungry.
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形容词的名词化
the+某些形容词，表示“某一类人”
the rich 富人 the young 年轻人
the wounded 伤员
the poor 穷人 the old 老年人 the dead 死者
I am no richer than you. 我并不比你有钱。(= I am as poor as you.)
*no more than = only He has no more than five dollars in his pocket. 17
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1. enough 的用法(位置) It’s _h_o_t_ e_n_o__u_g_h_ today. 今天够热的。 He studied _h_a_r_d _e_n_o_u__g_h to pass the exam. 他学习很努力， 通过了考试。 Has he got _e_n_o_u__gh__m_o_n__e_y? 他有足够的钱吗?
I smelt the fish carefully and the fish smelt terrible. The rice is growing nice. We are growing old. Milk _g_o__e_s_ bad easily in summer. He __k_e_p__t___s_i_le__n_t____ at the meeting.(保持沉默) Somertehmingaihnaes d__g_o_n__e__w__r_o_nwgith my watch. (出故3障)