3） The question discussed was very important.
= The question _w_h_i_c_h_h_a_d_b_e_e_n_d_i_s_cu__ss_e_d____ was very important.
二、过去分词作表语
1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处 的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种 形式。
e.g.：spoken English
英语口语
written exercises 书面练习
少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词 只有完成的意义
fallen leaves
落叶
the risen sun
升起来的太阳
a returned student
一名留学生
a retired teacher一名退休来自师Key points
• “-ed” can be used as _a_t_tr_i_b_u_te_ and be put before or after the noun that it modifies. eg. tired/exhausted/excited boy a boy called Tom
e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular． 鲁迅写的书很受欢迎
We’ll go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago．
我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。
想一想
• 什么时候用前置定语？ • 什么时候用后置定语？
e.g. ： Everyone present is very inspired at his speech． 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。
You seem frightened. 你似乎受了惊吓。
系动词
• appear, • be, become, • feel, • get, grow, • look, • prove, • Remain, • seem, smell, sound, stay, • taste, turn
Grammar
past participle used as
Grammar the attribute & the predicative
Task one
Look at the following story and find the usage of past participle (“-ed”)
an escaped prisoner 犯
一名逃跑的囚
2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和／或完 成意义。
e.g.：How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods!
我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊! I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth． 我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。
• He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.
• He was determined to find out why.
一、过去分词作定语
3. 过去分词可作非限制性定语，相当于省略 式的定语从句。 e.g ① The books, (which were) written by Lu Xun, were very popular. ② The bridge, (which was) built in 1999, is very beautiful.
一、过去分词作定语
1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成 的意义。
eg：a lost animal
一只迷路的动物
a used stamp
一枚用过的邮票
an injured finger 一个受伤的手指
a broken coin
一枚破损的硬币
a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛
注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。
Story
• A boy called Tom went to the cinema one night. It was a horror film, but he was interested in it. Sometimes he felt excited, sometimes he felt frightened. After the film, the tired boy came back home. Once home, the exhausted boy…
单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的 名词前
过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词 后面
Task two
Please find more examples in the reading passage of each usage.
Attribute
• So many thousands of terrified people died …
cholera. • He found that it came from the river
polluted by the dirty water from London.
Predicative
• But he became inspired when he thought about help ordinary people exposed to cholera.
• “–ed” can also be put after the linkverbs (be, feel, become, get, seem…) and used as _p_r_e_d_ic_a_ti_v_e_ . eg. be interested in feel excited/frightened
• …soon the affected person died. • He immediately told the astonished
people in Broad Street … • …that polluted water carried the virus. • …help ordinary people exposed to