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高一英语情态动词专题复习

情态动词情态动词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一,2005年全国17套高考试题对此都有考查。

下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析,以便同学们复习掌握。

一、情态动词表推测1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may(might)或could(不用can),其中,must的语气最强,译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”;should的语气次之,译为“很可能”、“应该”,指按常理推测;may(might),could的语气最弱,译为“也许”、“可能”。

①Helen _______ go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. (2005年安徽卷)A. shallB. mustC. mayD. can②—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.—It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green. (2005年广东卷)A. has to beB. will beC. mustn’t beD. could be③I have lost one of my gloves. I _______ it somewhere.(2005年北京春季卷)A. must dropB. must have droppedC. must be droppingD. must have been dropped④If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. (2005年湖北卷)A. wouldB. couldC. had toD. ought to2. 否定推测分为两种情况:1)语气不很肯定时,常用may not, might not或could not,译为“可能不”、“也许不”。

You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture. (2004年上海春季卷)A. mustB. shallC. mayD. need2)否定语气较强时,则用can’t,译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”,表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。

①—Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.—Well. He ______ have gone far——his coat’s still here.(2005年湖北卷)A. shouldn’tB. mustn’tC. can’tD. wouldn’t②— Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?— No, it _______ be him I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. (2004年全国卷Ⅰ)A. can’tB. must notC. won’tD. may not3. 疑问句中的推测,往往用can或could。

Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?(2001年上海春季卷)A. canB. shouldC. mayD. must4. 对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must, may, might等+完成式”;否定推测常用“can, could, may, might等+完成式”。

①I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.(2005年重庆卷)A. should have been doingB. must have been doingC. could have doneD. would have done②He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. (2005年北京卷)A. shouldB. mustC. wouldn’tD. can’t③—Tom is never late for work. Why is be absent today?—Something ________ to him. (2005年江西卷)A. must happenB. should have happenedC. could have happenedD. must have happened④ My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_____ have attended your lecture.(2000年上海卷)A. couldn’tB. needn’tC. mustn’tD. shouldn’t二、“情态动词+完成式”1. “should(ought to)+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。

其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。

①—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.— You________ her last week. (2004年福建卷)A. ought to tell B. would have toldC. must tell D. should have told②Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I _____ so much fried chicken just now. (2002年上海春季卷)A. shouldn’t eatB. mustn’t have eatenC. shouldn’t have eatenD. mustn’t eat2. “could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成,含有遗憾的意味。

He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. (2005年山东卷)A. couldB. wouldC. mustD. need3. “needn’t+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。

例如:You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的,因为天就要下雨了。

— Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.— Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. (2005年福建卷)A. needn’t doB. needn’t have doneC. mustn’t doD. shouldn’t have done三、常见的情态动词1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见;用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。

①“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. (2004年重庆卷)A. mayB. shouldC. mustD. shall②—Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.— You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. (2004年湖南卷)A. shan’tB. might notC. needn’tD. shouldn’t③— The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?— Of course. (2003年北京春季卷)A. WillB. ShallC. WouldD. Do2. must用于疑问句,表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏偏,偏要”;mustn’t表示禁止,是说话人强有力的劝告。

①John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour?(2005年全国卷Ⅲ)A. MustB. CanC. MayD. Need②Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this!(2005年全国Ⅰ)A. wouldn’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. may not3. needn’t表示“没有必要”。

— Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.— She ______. I’ve already borrowed one. (2005年湖南卷)A. can’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. shouldn’t4. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。

When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.(1996年上海卷)A. wouldB. shouldC. had betterD. might5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作,只能用was/were able to,而不能用could。

The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out. (1997年全国卷)A. had toB. wouldC. was able toD. could6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况①—Write to me when you get home.— _______. (2001年北京春季卷)A. I mustB. I shouldC. I willD. I can②— Could I call you by your first name?—Yes, you ______. (1998年上海卷)A. willB. couldC. mayD. might巩固练习:1. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he is much too short.A. needn’tB. can’tC. shouldD. may2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her.A. had to write it outB. must have written it outC. should have written it outD. ought to write it out3. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.A. mustn’t have arrivedB. shouldn’t have arrivedC. can’t have arrivedD. needn’t have arrived4. Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.A. mustn’tB. can’tC. won’tD. needn’t5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.A. shouldB. canC. mustD. will6. — Is John coming by train?— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.A. mustB. canC. needD. may7. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.A. canB. willC. mayD. shall8. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady.A. mightB. needC. shouldD. would9. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. —_______.A. I don’tB. I won’tC. I can’tD. I haven’t10. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She____ at the meeting.A. mustn’t have spokenB. shouldn’t have spokenC. needn’t have spokenD. couldn’t have spoken例题答案Key: C D B B Key: C Key: C A Key:A Key: B B D A Key: D CKey:A Key: B Key: D A B Key: A B Key: C Key: AKey:C Key:C C练习答案与解析1. B 从第二个分句“他太矮了”可以推知说话者持否定态度,needn’t意思是“没有必要”,与语境不符。

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