Comprehensive terms外力地质作用：exogenic process沉积作用：sedimentation沉积岩：sedimentary rock水成岩：neptunic rock沉积岩石学：sedimentary petrology沉积学：sedimentology水成论：neptunianism均变论：uniformitarianism将故论今：present is the key to past灾变论：catastrophism洪积论：diluvianism火成论：plutonism现实论：actualism岩相相关律：law of correlation of facies横截关系律：law of crosscutting relationships 原始连续律：law of original continuity原始水平律：law of original horizontality叠覆律：law of superposition生物群层序律：law of faunal succession生物群组合律：law of faunal assemblages地球四面体：Earth tetrahedron地幔中间层：mesosphere软流圈：asthenosphere岩石圈：lithosphere大洋型地壳：oceanic crust大陆型地壳：continental crust硅镁层：sima硅铝层：sial花岗岩质层：granitic layer水圈：hydrosphere生物圈：biosphere生态圈：ecosphere大气圈：atmosphere对流层：troposphere平流层：stratosphere臭氧层：ozone layer电离层：ionosphere中间层：mesosphere热层：thermosphere极光：aurora气辉：airglow外层大气：outer atmosphere磁层：magnetosphere 地质作用地质作用：geologic process内营力：endogenic force内动力地质作用：endogenic process内生地质作用：endogenic geologic process 外营力：exogenic force外动力地质作用：exogenic process表生地质作用：exogenic geologic process地外营力：extraterrestrial process风化作用：weathering物理风化：physical weathering热力风化：thermal weathering冻融风化：freeze-thaw weathering寒冻风化：frost weathering寒冻作用：frost action化学风化：chemical weathering生物风化：biological weathering球状风化：spheroidal weathering差异风化：differential weathering风化作用阶段：weathering stage元素迁移系列：sequence of migration of elements风化壳：weathering crust古风化壳：paleocrust of weathering风化壳类型：types of crust of weathering机械风化壳：mechanical residuum碳酸盐风化壳：residuum of carbonate type 高岭土型风化壳：residuum of kaolin type砖红土型风化壳：residuum of laterite type 矿物稳定性：mineral stability剥蚀作用：denudation侵蚀作用：erosion陵夷作用：degradation加积作用：aggradation均夷作用：gradation夷平作用：planation常态侵蚀：normal erosion河流地质作用：fluvial process暂时性水流：temporary torrent片状侵蚀：sheet erosion线状侵蚀：linear erosion向(溯)源侵蚀：retrogressive erosion, headward erosion, headwater erosion下切侵蚀：downcutting侧蚀：lateral erosion地球自转偏向力：deflection force of Earth rotation科里奥利力：Coriolis’ forces搬运作用：transportation搬运介质：transportation medium推移：traction跃移：saltation悬移：suspension transport沉积作用：deposition海蚀作用：marine erosion重力地质作用：gravitational process快体运动：mass movement山崩：landslide塌岸：bank slump雪崩：snow avalanche土屑移动：soil creep崩塌作用：eboulement风蚀作用：wind abrasion吹蚀作用：deflation磨蚀作用：abrasion风积作用：wind deposition岩溶作用：karstification潜蚀作用：underground corrosion中和作用：neutralization脱水作用：dehydration溶解作用：dissolution沉淀作用：precipitation水化作用：hydration氧化作用：oxidation水解作用：hydrolysis还原作用：reduction吸附作用：absorption胶凝作用：flocculation胶结作用：cementation沉积分异作用：sedimentary differentiation 石化作用：lithification成岩作用：diagenesisGeneral terms主要矿物：essential mineral次要矿物：auxiliary mineral副矿物：accessory mineral 重矿物：heavy mineral碎屑矿物：clastic mineral陆源矿物：terrestrial mineral自生矿物：authigenic mineral成岩矿物：diagenetic mineral后生矿物：catagenetic mineral表生矿物：hypergenic mineral原生矿物：primary mineral次生矿物：secondary mineral金属矿物：metallic mineral非金属矿物：nonmetallic mineral 指相矿物：facies mineralSilicate minerals橄榄石：olivine辉石：pyroxene角闪石：amphibole (hornblende) 长石：feldspar斜长石：plagioclase碱性长石：alkali-feldspar正长石：orthoclase (K-feldspar) 微斜长石：microcline云母：mica黑云母：biotite白云母：muscovite绿泥石：chlorite鲕绿泥石：chamosite粘土矿物：clay mineral高岭石：kaolinite艾洛石：halloysite蒙托石：montmorillonite贝得石：beidellite皂石：saponite伊利石：illite沸石：zeolite锆石：zircon石榴石：garnet十字石：staurolite蓝晶石：kyanite绿柱石：beryl电气石：tourmaline黄玉：topazCarbonate minerals文石：aragonite方解石：calcite高镁方解石：high-magnese calcite 白云石：dolomite铁白云石：ferrodolomite菱镁矿：magnesite菱锌矿：smithsonite菱锰矿：rhodochrositeSulphate minerals石膏：gypsum硬石膏：anhydrite重晶石：barite芒硝：mirabilite杂卤石：polyhalite泻利盐：epsomite水绿矾：melanterite胆矾：chalcanthite明矾石：aluniteOxysalt minearals硼砂：borax方硼石：boracite磷灰石：apatite氟磷灰石：fluroapatite独居石：monazite黑钨矿：wolframite钠硝石：soda-nitre钾硝石：potassium nitrateOxide and hydroxide刚玉：corundum赤铁矿：hematite钛铁矿：ilmenite磁铁矿：magnetite铬铁矿：chromite褐铁矿：limonite针铁矿：goethite金红石：rutile锡石：cassiterite软锰矿：pyrolusite晶质铀矿：uranite沥青铀矿：pitchblende石英：quartz 鳞石英：tridymite方石英：cristobalite玉髓：chalcedony蛋白石：opal尖晶石：spinel水锰矿：manganiteSulphides辉铜矿：chalcocite闪锌矿：sphalerite方铅矿：galena辰砂：cinnabar雄黄：realgar雌黄：orpiment辉锑矿：antimonite辉钼矿：molybdenite黄铁矿：pyrite黄铜矿：chalcopyrite毒砂：arsenopyriteHalides萤石：fluorite石盐：halite钾盐：sylvite光卤石：carnalliteSediment textures and structures 碎屑结构：clastic texture碎屑：clast矿物碎屑：mineral fragment 岩石碎屑：rock fragment粒度：grain size粒度等级：grade scale砾状结构：psephitic texture 砾：gravel角砾：angular gravel漂砾：boulder粗砾：cobble卵砾：pebble细砾：granule砂质砾：sandy gravel含砾砂：pebbled sand砂：sand极粗砂：very coarse sand粗砂：coarse sand中砂：medium sand细砂：fine sand极细砂：very find sand泥质砂：muddy sand泥质结构：pelitic texture砂质泥：sandy mud粉砂泥质结构：aleuropelitic texture粉砂：silt粗粉砂：coarse silt细粉砂：fine silt粘土：clay泥：mud粒度分析：grain size analysis正态分布：normal distribution对数正态分布：lognormal distribution单峰分布：unimodal distribution双峰分布：bimodal distribution多峰分布：multimodal distribution直方图：histogram频率曲线：frequency curve频率累积曲线：cumulative frequency curve 概率累积曲线：cumulative probability curve 粒度参数：grain size parameter平均粒度：mean grain size中值粒度：median grain size均值：mean标准差：standard deviation偏度：skewness尖度：kurtosis离散图：scatter plotCM图： CM plot碎屑形态：shape of clast圆度：roundness棱角状：angular次棱角状：sub-angular次圆状：sub-rounded圆状：rounded球度：sphericity形状：shapes扁球状：oblate等轴状：equant叶片状：bladed长椭球状：prolate 表面结构：surface textures磨光面：polish surface沙漠漆：desert varnish霜面：frosted surface微起伏：micro-relief擦痕：striation钉头擦痕：nailhead striation击痕：percussion scar新月形击痕：crescent-shaped crack凹坑：indentation麻面：pitted surface填隙物：interstitial materials胶结物：cement钙质胶结物：calcareous cement硅质胶结物：siliceous cement铁质胶结物：ferruginous cement泥质胶结物：mudeous cement胶状结构：amorphous texture隐晶结构：aphanitic显晶较高：phaneritic texture嵌晶结构：mosaic texture次生加大：secondary overgrowth texture 火山碎屑：pyroclast岩屑：rock fragment火山弹：volcanic bomb浮岩屑：pumice火山渣：scoria碳酸盐颗粒：carbonate grain内碎屑：intraclast砾屑结构：calciruditic texture砂屑结构：calcarenitic texture粉屑结构：calcisiltic texture泥屑结构：calcilutic texture生物碎屑：bioclast骨粒：framework grain团粒：pellet球粒：peloid团块：lump包粒：coated grain豆粒：pisoid鲕粒：ooid交代结构：replacement texture溶洞：solution cavity肾状结构：kidney-shaped texture棒状结构：rod-like texture纤维状结构：fibrous texture针状结构：acicular texture鳞片状结构：scaly texture变晶结构：crystalloblastic texture砾石组构：gravel fabric砂组构：sand fabric等向组构：isotropic fabric异向组构：anisotropic fabric冰碛组构：till fabric颗粒定向：grain orientation孔隙度：porosity渗透率：permeability水平层理：horizontal bedding互层层理：interlayered bedding平行层理：parallel bedding交错层理：cross bedding板状交错层理：tabular cross bedding楔状交错层理：wedge-shaped cross bedding 波状层理：wavy bedding透镜状层理：lenticular bedding叶状层理：lobate bedding波痕：ripple mark结核：concretion同生结核：contemporaneous concretion后生结核：catagenetic concretion表生结核：epigenetic concretion钙质结核：calcareous concretion钙结核：doll concretion鳞片构造：scaly structure毡状构造：felty structure格子状构造：lattice structure斑杂构造：mottled structure泉华构造：sinter structure斑点构造：spotted structure皱纹构造：wrinkle structure多孔构造：porous structure蜂窝构造：honey comb structure竹叶构造：edgewise structure叠瓦构造：imbricate structure砾岩：conglomerate粗碎屑岩：macroclastic rock卵石砾岩：pebble conglomerate漂砾砾岩：boulder conglomerate 卵石砾岩：pebble conglomerate粗砾岩：coarse conglomerate中粒砾岩：medium conglomerate细砾岩：fine conglomerate石英质砾岩：quartzitic conglomerate碎屑砾岩：clastic conglomerate残积角砾岩：eluvial breccia岩溶角砾岩：karst breccia构造角砾岩：tectonic breccia底砾岩：basal conglomerate层间砾岩：interformational conglomerate 同生砾岩：contemporaneous conglomerate 后生砾岩：catagenetic conglomerate成岩砾岩：diagenetic conglomerate粗粉砂岩：coarse siltstone细粉砂岩：fine siltstone泥质粉砂岩：muddy siltstone风成岩：aeolian rock细碎屑岩：microclastic rock泥岩：mudstone砂质泥岩：sandy mudstone粉砂质泥岩：silty mudstone粘土岩：claystone高岭石粘土岩：kaolinic claystone伊利石粘土岩：illitic claystone蒙脱石粘土岩：montmorillonitic claystone 钙质页岩：calcareous shale铁质页岩：ferruginous shale页岩：shale硅质页岩：siliceous shale炭质页岩：carbonaceous shale黑色页岩：black shale沥青页岩：naphtholith油页岩：oil shale砂页岩：sandshale泥板岩：argillite火山碎屑沿：pyroclastic rock熔结集块岩：welded agglomerate集块岩：agglomerate凝灰质巨砾岩：tuffaceous boulder火山角砾岩：volcanic breccia凝灰质砾岩：tuffaceous conglomerate凝灰质砂岩：tuffaceous sandstone凝灰质粉砂岩：tuffaceous siltstone玻屑凝灰岩：vitric tuff晶屑凝灰岩：crystal tuff岩屑凝灰岩：lithic tuff蚀变凝灰岩：altered tuff硅化凝灰岩：silicified tuff石灰岩：limestone云灰岩：dolomitic limestone泥灰岩：marl颗粒岩：grainstone重结晶岩：recrystalline limestone微晶灰岩：micritic limestone碎屑灰岩：calcirudite砂屑灰岩：calcarenite粉屑灰岩：calcisiltite泥屑灰岩：calcilutlite生物碎屑灰岩：bioclast limestone介壳灰岩：coquina鲕粒灰岩：oolitic limestone团粒灰岩：lump limestone球粒灰岩：pelletal limestone钙华：tufa钙结岩：calliche白云岩：dolomitite/dolostone灰云岩：lime dolostone泥云岩：muddy dolostone微晶白云岩：dolomicrite结晶白云岩：crystalline dolomite砾屑白云岩：dolorudite砂屑白云岩：dolarenite粉屑白云岩：dolarenite泥屑白云岩：dololutlite交代白云岩：replacement dolostone 硅藻土：diatomite燧石岩：chert硅土：siliceous earth硅质结核：siliceous concretion碳酸盐质硅华：silica carbonate sinter 蒸发岩：evaporite石膏岩：gypsolith硬石膏岩：anhydrock石盐岩：saline rock红土型铝土岩：lateritic bauxitic rock 鲕粒铝土岩：oolitic bauxitic rock磁铁岩：magnetitic rock 赤铁岩：hematitic rock硅铁岩：siliceous iron rock褐铁岩：limonite rock菱铁岩：sederitic rock硫铁岩：pyritic rock复理石：flych磨拉石：molasse混杂岩：melenge滑来石：olistholith红层：red bed风成岩：eolianite热泉胶结物：hydrothermally cemental rock 混杂沉积物：chaotic sediment混积岩：diamictite风化作用：热力风化：thermal weathering冻融风化：freeze-thaw weathering寒冻风化：frost weathering机械风化：mechanical weathering崩解作用：dessintegration重力地质作用：gravitational process红土化作用：laterization破碎阶段：broken stage饱和硅铝阶段：saturated sialic stage酸性硅铝阶段：acid sialic stage硅铁土阶段：allitized stage红土阶段：laterized stage氧化带：oxidative zone水解带：hydrolysis zone淋滤带：leaching zone水合带：hydrated zone碎屑物质：clast不溶残积物：nonsoluble residue溶解物质：dissolved material风化分异：weathering differentiation风化壳：weathering crust / residue差异风化：differential weathering球状风化：spheroidal weathering内源侵蚀：backward erosion边坡侵蚀：side-slope erosion侧向侵蚀：lateral erosion垂向侵蚀：vertical erosion下切侵蚀：dowcutting erosoion裁湾取直：cut-off掘蚀/刨蚀作用：pluck剥蚀作用：denudation冰蚀作用：glacial erosion风蚀作用：aeolian erosion海蚀作作用：marine abrasion陵夷作用：degradation夷平作用：planation面状侵蚀：sheet erosion风海流：wind current密度流：density flow紊流：turbulent flow/ tortous层流：laminar flow急流：torrential current搬运能力：transport capacity搬运方式：mode of transportation牵引载荷：traction load推移载荷：solid load溶解载荷：dissolved load沙床载荷：bed load悬浮载荷：suspended load沉积间断：hiatus卸载：unloading沉积速率：rate of deposition溶解度：solubility成岩作用方式压溶作用：pressure solution压实作用：compaction水化作用：hydration水解作用：hydrolysis方解石化作用：calcitization固结作用：consolidation硅化作用：silicification还原作用：reduction氧化作用：oxidation降解作用：degradation胶结作用：cementation交代作用：metasomatism/replacement 离子交换作用：ion exchange离子吸附作用：ion absorption淋滤作用：illuviation重结晶作用：recrystallization白云石化：dolomitization 构造稳定区：tectonic quiet region 构造活动带：tectonic mobile belt 陆源沉积物：terrestrial sediment 盐度：salinity盐度跃层：helocline化跃层：chemocline陆相：terrestrial facies海相：marine facies相变：facies change沉积相：sedimentary facies岩相：lithofacies相序列：facies sequence相组合：facies association相模式：facies model相区：facies province过渡相：transitional facies残积带：eluvial zone坡积带：deluvial zone残积相：eluvial facies坡积相：deluvial facies戈壁：gobi砾漠：serir石漠：stony desert沙漠：desert沙丘：dune新月型沙丘：barchan抛物线沙丘：parabolic dune固定沙丘：fixed dune半固定沙丘：semi-fixed dune移动沙丘：wandering fune沙漠湖泊：desert lake干盐湖：playa戈壁相：gobi facies沙漠相：desert facies风棱石：ventifact侧积相：side moraine facies中碛相：medial moraine facies底积相：bottom moraine facies终积相：end moraine facies前积相：front moraine facies河床：stream bed河道：stream channel边滩：point bar心滩：river island河漫滩：flood plain决口扇：crevasse splay河漫沼泽：backswamp洪积平原：flood plain废弃河道：abandoned channel牛轭湖：ox-bow lake冲积扇：alluvial fan冲积裙：alluvial apron冲积相：alluvial facies河道充填相：channel-fill facies堤岸相：levee facies河漫沼泽相：backswamp facies湖泊相：lacustrine facies浅湖相：shallow lake facies深湖相：deep lake facies盐湖相：playa facies滨湖相：coastal lake facies安山岩：andesite埃洛石：halloysite白云母：muscovite白云石：dolomite白云石化作用：dolomitization白云岩：dolostone,dolomitite白垩：chalk斑岩：porphyry斑杂构造：mottled structure搬运介质：medium of transportation搬运作用：transportation搬运能力：transportation capacity搬运营力：transport agent板块：plate板块边缘：plate margin板块俯冲：plate subduction板块构造理论：theory of plate tectonics板块碰撞：plate collision板块边界：plate boundary板岩：slate板状交错层理：tabular cross bedding, planar cross bedding半岛：peninsula半干旱气候：semi-arid climate半固定沙丘：semifixed dune, semi-mobile dune半深海沉积物：bathyal sediment包裹体：inclusion, enclosure包卷层理：convolute bedding包粒：coated grain剥蚀作用：denudation薄层：flag薄层砂岩：flagstone饱和带：saturated zone饱和面：saturated surface饱和硅铝阶段：saturated sialic stage鲍马层序：Bouma sequence爆发角砾岩：explosion breccia爆发岩筒：explosive pipe背斜：anticline被袭夺河：abstracted river, captured river 被子植物：angiosperm崩解作用：disintegration崩塌角砾岩：collapse breccia笔石类：graptolite边坡侵蚀：side-slope erosion边滩：point bar deposit边滩沉积：point bar deposit边滩相：point bar facies边缘盆地：marginal basin边缘台地：marginal platform扁豆状凝灰岩：lenticulite扁球状：oblate变晶结构：crystalloblastic texture变晶鲕：crysialized ooid变盐度环境：euryhaline environment变质程度：metamorphic grade变质带：metamorphic belt变质年龄：metamorphic age变质相：metamorphic facies变质岩：metamorphic rock变质作用：metamorphism标本：specimen标志层：indicator horizon, index bed标准化石：index fossil标准剖面：standard section表观年龄：apparent age表成沉积物：exogenetic sediments表面蒸发作用：surface evaporation表皮构造：epigenetic structure表生成岩环境：epidiagenetic environment 表生成岩作用：epidiagenesis表生结核：epigenetic concretion表生矿物：hypergene mineral表生作用：epigenesis表土：regolith表碛：superglacial moraine滨海：littoral area滨海带：littoral zone滨海相：littoral facies滨海盐沼：marine salina滨后沉积：backshore deposit滨后沼泽沉积：backswamp deposit滨湖区：coastal lake area滨湖相：coastal lake facies。