Dr: Accounts Payable Cr: Merchandise Inventory Cash
2,800 56 (2800×2%） 2,744
• Seller Dr: Cash Sales Discounts Cr: A/R
2,744 56
2,800
3 • Chiller
Dr: Cash Cr: Merchandise Inventory
Problem 6-1A
Gross Profit= Sales-COGS Gross Margin= Gross Profit/Sales *100% Gross Margin for FIFO = 45,030÷106,500×100%=42.28%
• 收回应收款项并给与折扣： Dr: Cash Sales Discounts Cr: A/R
• 给予现金折扣（cash refund） Dr: Sales Returns and Allowances Cr: Cash 由于这里只是给予现金折扣，而没有发生退货， 因此不需要调整相关的M/I和COGS的金额。
Chapter 5
C 2 Operating Cycle for a Merchandiser
Begins with the purchase of merchandise and ends with the collection of cash from the sale of merchandise.
Cr: Accounts Receivable
205
Dr: Merchandise Inventory
115
Cr: Cost of Goods Sold
115
这里因为发生了退货，所以要调整M/I和COGS
• 对于退货方来说
Dr: A/P
205
Cr: M/I
205
Exercise 5-2
3、
Credit terms: 2/10, n/60
98 (100×(1-2%)) 98
• Seller
Dr: Sales Returns and Allowances
98
Cr: Cash
98
因为这里只是给予现金返回，而没有发生退货， 因此seller在这里不需要调整M/I和COGS
4 • Chiller
Dr: Merchandise Inventory Cr: Cash
• 赊购： Dr: M/I Cr: Accounts Payable （以下简称A/P）
• 发生与购货相关的运输费，支付现金，应该直接增 加存货成本 Dr: M/I Cr: Cash
• 在付款前发生购货退回或折让 Dr: A/P Cr: M/I
• 支付购货欠款并取得现金折扣 Dr: A/P Cr: Cash M/I
• First-in, First-out (FIFO)
Assign costs to both inventory and COGS assumes that inventory items are sold in the order acquired.
• Last-in, First-out (LIFO)
借款日期：the last day of the discount period
还款日期：the last day of the credit period
所以借款期限=60-10=50天
借款本金 =30,000×（1-2%）=29,400
年息
=29,400×8%=2,352
日息
=2,352÷365=6.44
• 在付款后取得现金回扣（refund） Dr: Cash Cr: M/I
• 发生销售退回： Dr: Sales Returns and Allowances Cr: A/R Dr: M/I Cr: COGS
注意： (1)每次发生销售业务或者销售退回业务的时候，一 定要记得考虑增加或者减少销售成本！ (2) Sales Returns and Allowances就是一个固定的账户 名称，不要拆开写。
5 • Chiller
Dr: Accounts Receivable Cr: Sales Dr: Cost of Goods Sold
Cr: Merchandise Inventory
140 140
3,024 3,024 1,512 1,512
6
• Chiller
Dr: Sales Returns and Allowances 205
Assign costs assumes that the most purchases are sold first.
• Weighted Average
This method requires that we use the weighted average cost per unit of inventory at the time of each sale to assign costs.
Exercise 5-9
1 • Chiller Cr: Accounts Payable
2,800 2,800
• Seller Dr: A/R Cr: Sales Dr: COGS Cr: M/I
2,800 2,800
xxx xxx
2 • Chiller
借款利息 =6.44×50=322
因为折扣省下的钱=30,000×2%=600
省下的净额 =600-322=278
Chapter 6
• Specific Identification
When each item in inventory can be identified with a specific purchase and invoice, we can use specific identification to assign costs.
Cash Sale
Purchases
Cash sales
Merchandise inventory
Credit Sale
Cash collection
Purchases
Account receivable
Credit sales
Merchandise inventory
相关分录
Purchase
• 现购： Dr: Merchandise Inventory （以下简称M/I） Cr: Cash