第四讲形容词和副词单句语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and it ’s always energetic (energy)．2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste for meat is actually (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most successful (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)However, be careful (care) not to go to extremes.5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even worse (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 6．(2017·全国Ⅲ)It is certainly (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.7．(2017·6月浙江高考)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a shiny/shining (shine) object.8．(2017·6月浙江高考)Sixteen years earlier (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.一、形容词、副词的原级比较1．“as ＋形容词/副词原级＋as”与“not ＋as/so ＋形容词/副词原级＋as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同/不同。
①Actually, Jack is as old as Jim. 事实上，杰克和吉姆(年龄)一样大。
②He doesn ’t run so/as fast as his younger brother. 他没有他弟弟跑得快。
2．当as ... as 结构中有名词时，可用以下结构： ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧as ＋形容词原级＋a (n )＋可数名词单数＋as as ＋many ＋可数名词复数＋as as ＋much ＋不可数名词＋as①Today is as busy a day as yesterday. 今天跟昨天一样忙。
②Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.亨利的书没有我的书多。
3．“as＋形容词原级＋as＋具体数字”表示“高/深/多……达……”。
①The temperature here is as high as 39℃.这里的气温高达39摄氏度。
②The building is as tall as 100 meters.这座楼高达100米。
二、形容词、副词的比较级1．形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则(1)规则变化[名师指津]①有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。
这些双音节词是：common, handsome, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以-ow, -er结尾的词。
②有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。
这类形容词有：right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的)等。
(2)不规则变化2.(1)比较级＋than ...“比……更”；less ...than“不如……”。
Seeking information on the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library.在网上搜索信息要比在图书馆里方便。
(2)比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather, much, still, even, far, any (用于否定句或疑问句), a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit等。
—The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.—Why? It’s far more interesting than the films I have ever seen.——我不得不说这部电影真的没意思。
——为什么？它比我看过的所有电影都有意思。
(3)the＋比较级，the＋比较级表示“越……，越……”。
The earlier the treatment is given, the better chance of recovery the patient has.病人越早接受治疗，康复的可能性就越大。
(4)the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词表示“(两者中)较……的”。
Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry.这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的一个，它方便携带。
三、形容词、副词的最高级1．三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。
表示范围的标志词有in, of, among 等。
Raymond ’s parents wanted him to have the best possible education. 雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。
2．最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词， by far, nearly, almost 等。
This is by far the most inspiring movie that I have ever seen. 这是我曾看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。
3.最高级含义的其他表达法。
(1)“否定词语＋比较级”或“否定词语＋such/so ... as ”结构表示最高级含义。
—Do you think that the 2016 Rio Olympic Games were a success? —Yes, absolutely! It couldn ’t be better . ——你认为2016年里约奥运会成功吗？ ——是的，绝对成功！没有比它更好的了。
(2)比较级形式表示最高级含义。
比较级＋than ＋⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧any other ＋可数名词单数all (the ) other ＋可数名词复数anything/anyone elseJulia is taller than any other girl in her class. →Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class. →Julia is the tallest girl in her class. 朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。
4．the last 表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。
The last thing they want is to work in the red areas where life is hard. 他们最不乐意的是在生活艰难的红色区域里工作。
四、形容词(短语)作状语形容词(短语)作状语表示伴随或结果，通常用来说明主语的情况，表示主语的状态、性质、特征等，但并不表示动作的方式。
①He stared at the footprint, full of fear . 他盯着脚印看，内心充满了恐惧。
②Helpless, we watched our home destroyed before our eyes. 我们束手无策，只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。
五、副词作评论性状语连接副词和修饰整个句子作评论性状语的副词，通常位于句首。
有时也用于句中或句尾。
Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦都是值得的。
[知识积累]形容词和副词的词性转换1．常见的形容词后缀2．形容词转换为副词[典题精选][我来改正][常设误点]①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)My grandpasaid last summer they earned quitea lot by selling the fish. I felthappily that their life had improved.②(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road. ①happily→happy②suddenly→sudden(1)形容词与副词的错用①系动词后作表语应用形容词而不用副词；②修饰动词应用副词而不用形容词；修饰名词应用形容词而不用副词。
③I found the test difficult, but Itried hardly to do it.③hardly→hard (2)形近引起的错用④(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. ④late→later 有些词词形看似差不多但实际词意相差甚远，例如：①hard用作副词时表示“努力地”，而hardly表示“几乎不”；②sometimes表示“有时”，而sometime表示“某个时候”。
⑤(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)The teenage years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.They were also the best and worse years in my life.⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They often getup earlier and water the vegetables together.⑦(2019·万州二中一模)Moreover, it shows that people are becoming richer and the country is much more stronger.⑧(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. ⑤worse→worst⑥earlier→early⑦去掉more⑧late→latest(3)比较等级的错用①比较级与最高级的错用。