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初中英语句子成分和结构的划分详解1

英语中句子成分● 1 主语主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”一般由名词、代词、不定式,动名词或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。

它在句首。

●We study in No.1 Middle School.(讲述“谁”~)我们在一中学习。

To teachthem English is my job. (不定式作主语)教他们英语是我的工作。

●注意不定式作主语时,常用形式主语it句型,因此左例可变为It is my job to teachthem English. (真正的主语是to teach them English.)●练习:找出下列句子的主语。

●The car is running fast.(名词)●We are students.(代词)1.One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)●To spit in public is bad manner.(不定式)●Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)2 谓语说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。

谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。

谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。

它在主语后面。

●His Parents are doctors. (系动词和表语一起作谓语)他的父母亲是医生。

●She looks well.(系动词和表语一起作谓语)她看起来气色(面色)很好。

● We study hard.(实义动词作谓语)我们努力学习。

●We have finished reading the book. (助动词和实义动词一起作谓语)我们已经看完了这本书。

●He can speak English. (情态动词和实义动词作谓语)他会说英语●注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。

.●练习找出下列句子的谓语●He works in a factory.(实义动词)●I felt cold.(系动词+表语)●How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)●Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)●They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)3 表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。

它的位置在系动词后面。

常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become, smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。

●You look younger than before.(形容词作表语)你看起来比以前年轻。

●I am a teacher.(名词作表语)我是个老师。

● Everybody is here.(副词作表语)所有的人都出席了。

●They are at home now.(介词短语作表语)他们现在在家。

●My job is to teach them English.(不定式作表语)我的工作是教他们英语。

●练习找出下列句子的表语●They are workers.(名词)●Two and three is five.(数词)●The story is very interesting.(形容词)●M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)●She is at home.(介词短语)●I feel terrible.(形容词)●The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。

●She is playing the piano now.(名词作宾语)她正在弹钢琴。

●He often helps me.(代词作宾语)他常常帮助我。

●He likes to sleep in the open air.(不定式作宾语)他喜欢在露天睡觉。

● We enjoy living in China.(动名词作宾语)我们高兴住在中国。

●【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。

●这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass, tell,leave等。

●如: He bought me a book.●Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾+直宾)●直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。

●如: Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)●Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)●②有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词。

●这类动词有:want,wish,hope,promise,decide,agree,choose,care等。

●如:I hope to see you again.●③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式。

这类动词有:enjoy,finish,mind,practise,miss,suggest,keep(on)等。

●如:Do you mind my opening the window?●④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。

●a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”,forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。

●如:Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)●I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)●b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下原来的事,去做另一件事”,stop doing表示“停止做某事”。

●如:I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。

)●The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。

)练习找出下面句子的宾语●He is doing his homework.(名词)●They did nothing this morning.(代词)●She wants to go home.(不定式)●We enjoy playing football.(动名词)定语●定语为句子的次要成分,起修饰限制名词或代词的作用,可分为前置定语和后置定语。

一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充当。

●The black bike is mine. 主语部分(形容词作定语) 这辆黑色的自行车是我的.●What is your name? 表语(代词作定语) 你叫什么名字?●They made paper flowers. 宾语(名词作定语) 他们生产纸花。

The boys in theroom are in Class Three Grade One. (介词短语作定语) 这间屋子里的男孩们是一年级三班的.● I have something to do.(不定式作定语) 我还有一些事去做.练习找出下列句子中的定语●His father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。

●Mr. Green has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子。

●The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。

●The man downstairs couldn’t sleep well. 楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。

● I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典。

● Can you find out the answer to the question?你能找到这个问题的答案吗?●Would you like something to drink? 你想要些喝的东西吗?● A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。

● A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之将死,其言也善。

The suggestionsent to the committee was adopted. 送往委员会的建议被采纳了。

●Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green? 你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗?状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。

一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。

状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。

(详见副词) He did it carefully.(副词作状语)他仔细、认真地做这项工作。

●(1) 时间状语●I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床。

●Hearing the news, they felt very excited. 听到这个消息,他们感到很兴奋。

Goalong this street until you reach the end. 沿着这条街走直到到达尽头为止。

● (2) 地点状语●Pandas only live in China. 熊猫仅生活在中国。

●You should put the book where it was. 你应该把这本书放回原来的地方。

●(3) 程度状语● I have quite a lot of work to do. 我有相当多的工作要做。

●(4) 目的状语●We’ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday.●这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。

● He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper.●他从口袋里掏出一些零钱来买报纸。

●She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.●她早早地起床,以便能够赶上这辆早班车● (5) 方式状语●We usually go to school on foot. 我们通常步行去上学。

● Please do it as I told you. 请按我告诉你的去做。

●(6) 让步状语● Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy. 虽然她很有钱,而她并不幸福。

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