专题十特殊句式一、倒装句1．全部倒装(1)在There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。
Look，there’s that bookshop I was telling you about.(2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首时，为使生动地描述情景而采用倒装语序。
此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。
There goes the phone.I’ll answer it.(3)such作表语置于句首时。
Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man but the 20th century’s greatest scientist.(4)直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。
“If you die，who will get your money？” asked Holmes.(5)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。
In the center of the square stands a monument.(6)为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.2．部分倒装在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。
(1)little，never，not，seldom，neither，nor，hardly，rarely，by no means，at no time，under no circumstances，in no case等表示否定意义的单词或短语位于句首时。
Little does he care about what others think.(2)在not...until...，no sooner...than...，scarcely/hardly...when...，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等句式中。
Neither does he drink nor smoke.(3)当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。
Only then did I find I had made a mistake.(4)在so/such...that...从句中，当so＋形容词/副词或such＋名词位于句首时。
So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest.(5)当表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用so/as＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语，表示“……也是……”。
Times have changed and so have I.(6)当neither，nor位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语，表示“……也不……”。
They couldn’t understand it at that time，and nor could we.(7)省略if的虚拟条件句，把助动词were，had，should提到主语前面。
Had it not been for your help，we shouldn’t have achieved so much.(8)as和though引导的让步状语从句。
Try as she might，Sue couldn’t get the door open.(9)“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。
May you succeed!二、强调句1．使用助动词do，does和did对谓语动词进行强调。
First impressions really do count.2．运用强调句型来强调除谓语以外的其他句子成分。
强调句型的基本句型结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其他部分。
可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语成分。
在复习强调句型时，要注意以下几个方面：(1)强调句型中的主谓一致在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式It is/was...，同时，that从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。
It is my parents that/who often help me get out of trouble.(2)当对地点状语、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时，只能用连接词that，而不能用when，where，why或how等。
It was on August 8,2008 that 29th Summer Olympic Games were opened in Beijing.(3)强调句型的疑问句在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为一般疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”改为“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？”或“疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他成分？”结构。
Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?When was it that she changed her mind?(4)在对not...until结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not 移至until之前，构成：It is/was not until...that...。
注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.＝It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.三、省略句1．状语从句中的省略由when，while，if，as if，although/though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where 等引导的状语从句中，如果其谓语为be，而主语与主句的主语相同时，则从句的主语和be 可省略。
或从句的主语为it时，谓语为be，也可省略从句中的it和be。
如：When (I am) in trouble，I always turn to my classmates for help.遇到麻烦时，我总是找同学帮忙。
If (it is) possible，this machine can be fixed at once.可能的话，这台机器会立即修好。
2．不定式的省略单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad，happy，pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，则要保留be，have，have been。
I asked him to see the film，but he didn’t want to.—Will you please look after my house when I’m away?—I’m glad to.—Are you a sailor?—No.But I used to be.Your work hasn’t been handed in，but it ought to have been.3．常考的几个省略形式if ever，if any，if not better/worse/taller...than等4．并列句中的省略并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时，后者的动词可以省略。
如：He is going to Hong Kong，but his brother (is going) to America.他要去香港，但是他的弟弟要去美国。
My room is on the third floor and his，on the fifth.我的房间在三楼，他的在五楼。
四、注意事项1．如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。
He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.2．强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。
在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was...保持一致。
It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter，isn’t it?3．强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。
在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。
我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构“强调句型与定语从句”。
It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.4．强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。
当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was”和连词“that”原句仍然完整。
而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”，原句不完整。
It was at 14∶28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(强调句型)It was 14∶28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(状语从句)技巧1分析句型结构，注意特殊句式在一些试题中要注意区别一些特殊的句型，如倒装句、强调句、反意疑问句、祈使句等，特别注意强调句型的一般疑问句、特殊疑问句形式。
[考题印证]It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village________the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.(2010·安徽，27)A．where B．that C．when D．which答案 B解析句意为：仅仅用她从村庄里买来的一些简单的东西，女主人就做了一顿丰盛的晚餐。