初中英语名词用法小结复习名词-----表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。
一、名词的分类注：1、专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称，其首字母必须大写。
专有名词前一般不加冠词。
2、由普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”，但它不大写。
3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且意思上也有了变化。
eg. work--- a work 一个工厂，一篇著作，glass---a glass一个玻璃杯，room空间---a room一个房间4、可用“一分为二”的方法区分可数与不可数名词，即一分为二后不是原来的东西的就是可数名词；反之一分为二后还是原来的东西则为不可数名词。
二、可数名词复数的变化：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。
可数名词有单、复数两种形式，其复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种：1）规则变化2）不规则变化①. 词干发生变化的词eg. man--men,woman —women, tooth —teeth, foot —feet, goose —geese, mouse —mice,child-children, chick-chicken②. 单复数同形的词eg.③. 由man 和woman 构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数eg.④. 表示“某国人”的名词，单复数形式有以下三种：A.单复数同形：Japanese-Japanese,Chinese-ChineseB.词尾man变为men：Frenchman-Frenchmen,Englishman-EnglishmenC.在词尾加“s”：German-Germans,American-Americans, Russian-Russians,Indian-Indians,Australian-Australians等等。
注意: (1). 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, scissors, socks, etc;(2). 有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数).eg. maths, physics, politics, news 三、不可数名词量的表达不可数名词量的表达可以用some，any，plenty of，（a）little，much，a lot of，a bit of等，还可借助单位词表示一定的数量，即“数词+单位词（如box，bottle，bag，kilo，pair，cup，glass，piece，bowl等）+of”。
单位词可以是单数也可以是复数，of后面接不可数名词。
例如：a bag of rice，a kilo of meat，a piece of bread等等。
四、名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系，主要有两种形式：1.有生命的东西在名词末尾加“’s”。
(1)一般名词或不规则的复数名词在词尾加“’s”。
如：Tom’s bike, Women’s Day…(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词加“’”。
如：the teachers’ office…(3)一样的东西为两人或多人共有时，在最后一个名词后面加“’s”。
如：Tom and Mike’s bike，而不表示共有时则在每个名词后面都加“’s”。
如：Tom’s and Mike’s bikes。
(4)复合名词或作为一个整体的词组的所有格只需在最后一个词后面加“’s”。
如：his mother-in-law’s mobile phone。
(5)表示店铺、住宅等时，名词所有格后面的名词习惯上省略。
如：at the doctor’s, at the barber’s, at the tailor’s, at Mr. Green’s…2.无生命的名词所有格用“of+名词”。
如：the leg of the desk。
注意：(1)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命名词的所有格也用“’s”或“’”表示。
如：today’s newspaper, the city’s environment。
(2)在表示所属的名词前面有冠词、代词、数词(如a/an, some, any, a few, this, those, your)等时，常用“of+所有格”表示双重所有格。
如：some books of my father’s, a book of my brother’s。
(3)注意区分some photos of Mike和some photos of Mike’s：前者指Mike本人的一些照片，而后者指Mike所拥有的一些照片(不一定是他本人的照片)。
五、名词前修饰语的选择及顺序1.修饰可数名词单数的词有：a/an, one, every, each, another, many a, more than one等；修饰可数名词复数的词有：these, those, many, few, a few, several 等；修饰不可数名词的词有：little, a little, a bit of, much等。
既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的词有：some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large/small quantity of, half等。
2.当名词前有多个词修饰时常按照“冠词-代词-数词-形容词-大小-新旧-颜色-国籍-材料”的顺序。
如：Lily is the only one beautiful young American girl in our class.六、名词作定语1.名词作定语一律用单数形式。
如：a flower shop,a shoe shop, two apple trees，但当man, woman作定语修饰名词时，若被修饰的名词为单数，则用单数；若被修饰的名词为复数，则用复数。
如：man/woman doctor, men/women doctors；sport作定语时一般用复数，如：sports meeting, sports shoes。
2.数词与名词连用作定语修饰另一名词时，可用连字符号连接构成复合形容词，且名词用单数；也可不用连字符号，但名词必须用相应的所有格。
如：seven-day holiday (seven days’holiday), five-minute walk (five minutes’ walk)。
3.“数词-名词-形容词”构成的复合形容词作定语修饰名词，名词应用单数，且要有连字符号。
如：a one-meter-long ruler, a 30-meter-high building。
【练习】1. Could you please get me some ________? I’m hungry.A. appleB. waterC. breadD. egg2. These ______ have saved many children's lives.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorC. women doctorsD. woman doctor3. There are many _______ on the mountain.A. apple treeB. apples treesC. apples treeD. apple trees4. This is _______bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Anne and JaneB. Anne's and Jane'sC. Anne's and JaneD. Anne and Jane's5.---Are there any ________ on the farm? ---Yes, t here are some.A. horseB. duckC. dogD. s heep6.--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ___ ___? --- Certainly.A. some bottles of watersB. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of waterD. some bottle of waters7.Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yester day.A. toothB. feetC. handD. ear8. The______ has two _______.A. boys; watchesB. boy; watchC. boy; watch esD. boys; watch9.-- Where have you been, Tim? --- I’ve been to __ ____.A. the Henry houseB. the Henry familyC. The Henry’s home D. Henry’s10. --- Look at the photo, what a happy family!---Yes, it’s a photo ______ my family.A. atB. forC. ofD. in11. ---How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha?--- It’s a ________ flight from Tianjin to Changsha.A. 2-hour-longB. 2-hours-longC. 2 hour longD. 2 hour’s long12. --- Excuse me, is the museum far from here?--- No, it’s about _________.A. 5 minutes walkB. 5 minute walkC. 5 minutes’ walkD. 5 minute’s walk13. In China, we celebrate _________ Day on June 1st and ___________ Day on September 10th.A. Children’s; Teacher’sB. Children; TeachersC. Children’s; Teachers’D. Child; Teacher14. There is still ________ orange juice in the fridge.A. someB. anyC. fewD. a few15. ________ fathers can’t go to the class meeting because they have gone on business.A. Jack and Mike’sB. Jack’s and Mike’sC. Jack and MikeD. Jack’s and Mike16. Swimming is ______in summer.A .a great fun B. great fun C .great funs D .great a fun17. His father went to his doctor for _______about his trouble.A .an advice B. some advice C advices D .the advices18. He went to ___ shop to buy a shirt.A. a tailorB. the tailorC. a tailorsD. the tailors'19. This pair of shoes ________ mine. Your shoes ______ over there.A. is; areB. are; areC. are; isD. is; is20. I've forgotten both of the____.2考英语阅读理解题的六大命题特点阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务，也是中考的一项重要内容。