几组常见英语词语辨析
一、work hard, hard-working and hard work
●work hard 动词短语,“努力工作,努力学习”,work是动词,hard是副
词。
●hard-working 形容词,“勤奋的,勤勉的,努力工作的”。
●hard work 名词短语,“艰苦的工作”,work是名词,hard 是形容词。
Eg.
1. The girl works hard. 这个女孩工作很认真。
2. She is a hard-working girl. 她是一个工作很认真的女孩。
3. It is hard work to deal with the problem. 处理这个问题是很艰巨的工作。
二、electric, electrical,electronic
1. electric“电的,用电的,带电的”,指任何电动的或发电的装置,被修饰的物体本身可带电。
如:
electric light, electric stove, electric piano, electric motor, electric bell。
又如:
Please connect the two electric wires. 请将这两根电线接起来。
With this electric blanket, the grandpa won't feel cold in winter. 有了电热毯,到了冬天爷
爷就不觉得冷了。
2.electrical“电的,与电有关的,电气科学的”,指与电有关的事物,被修饰的词本身并不能带电。
如:electrical engineer, electrical energy, electrical engineering。
又如:All the electrical work was done by my younger brother. 所有的电工活都由弟弟来干。
He buried himself in an electrical book. 他埋头读一本电学方面的书。
3. electronic“电子的,和电子有关的”
三、Efficient, effective, efficiency, effectiveness
efficient: [i'fiʃənt] a.
1. 效率高的;有能力的,能胜任的[(+in)]
He is an efficient manager.
他是一位办事效率高的经理。
2. (直接)生效的;有效的;收效大的
It is not efficient to hire poorly trained workers.
雇用未经严格训练的工人会妨碍工作效率。
effective:[i'fektiv] a.
1. 有效的[(+against/in)][+to-v]
Window screens are effective in keeping out mosquitoes.
纱窗能有效地挡住蚊子。
2. (法律等)生效的,起作用的[Z]
A bill passed by congress becomes effective as soon as the President signs it. 国会通过的法案一经总统签署立即生效。
3. 给人深刻印象的,有力的
That's rather an effective use of color.
那样使用颜色效果甚佳。
efficiency :[i'fiʃənsi] n. [U]
1. 效率;效能;功效
These machines have increased our work efficiency many times.
这些机器使我们的工作效率提高了许多倍。
2. 【物】效率
effectiveness:[ə'fektivnis] n. [U]
有效性; 【心理学】效率。