语篇的概念
• “任何不完全受句子语法约束的在一定语 境下表示完整语义的自然语言”。 ————胡壮麟 P.18
语篇的分类
• 按功能分类： • Expressive function • Informative function • Vocative function
---------Newmark P. 20
• 经过仔细核对信用证，兹要求贵方做如下 修改：“允许部分运输和转船。”
• “允许分批运输和转船”。
• 中国银行、中国建设银行、中国 工商银行、国家外汇管理局、国 际信托投资公司以及中国人民保 险公司等均在宁波设有分支机构。 (宁波市经济技术开发区宣传册)
• The following financial institutions and corporations maintain their affiliated organization in Ningbo: the Bank of China, China Construction Bank, the Industrial & Commercial Bank of China, the State General Administration of Exchange Control, China’s International Trust & Investment Corporation and the People’s Insurance Company of China.
Principles or Criteria of E-C Business Translation
功能对等（functional equivalence)：
• 忠实 （faithfulness） • 准确 （exactness） • 统一 （consistency）
1. 忠实的原则与运用
After we have checked the L/C carefully, we request you to make the following amendment: “Partial Shipment and Transshipment Allowed.”
（美）
• 1987年国务院批准唐山市为沿海经济 开放城市。（唐山市招商引资介绍）
• In 1987, the State Department approved Tangshan city to be a coastal, economic open zone.
• In 1987, the State Council approved Tangshan being an open city of coastal economy.
2. 准确的原则与运用
• 如贵方能将尿素报价降至每吨1200美元， 我们可订购150至180吨。
• If you can reduce your price of urea to 1200 dollars per ton, we may be able to place an order of 150-180 tons.
• Crisp Cereal chip, ready-to-serve food nicely flavored with condiment such as hot pepper, spices, cream, chocolate, sesame, curry, and seafood extract, is nutritious and suits the taste of both old and young .
• 五谷香酥片配以麻辣、五香、奶油、巧克力、 芝麻、咖哩、海鲜等各种调料，方便即食， 营养丰富，老少皆宜。
• Crisp Cereal chip is adopted with condiment as hot pepper, spices, cream, chocolate, sesame, curry, seafood so on and so forth, it is nutritious and tasty to every one, convenient to eat at once, ideal for children and the old.
• If you can reduce your price of urea to US$1200 per metric ton, we may be able to place an order of 150-180 metric tons.
• 1公吨（tonne/metric ton）= 1000公斤 • 1吨(ton）= 1016公斤（英）或907.2公斤
A Course in
English-Chinese BusinessTransla来自tion商务英语的界定
商务英语是英语的一种功能变体，是专门用途 英语(English for Specific Purposes)中的一个分 支，适于商务场合中应用，或者说是一种包含了 各种商务活动内容，适合商业需要的标准英 文．而这些商务活动包括技术引进，对外贸易， 招商引资，对外劳务承包与合同，国际金融，涉 外保险，国际旅游，海外投资，国际运输等等， 在这些活动中使用的英语统称为商务英语 （Business English )
• 客商从开发区企业分得的利润汇出境外 时，免征所得税。（宁波市经济技术开 发区宣传册）
• Profits gained by the investors and businessmen from the Development Zone enterprises will be exempted from tax when remitted out of China.
• Dividends for the investors and businessmen from their Development Zone enterprises will be exempted from personal income tax if remitted out of China.