that
人 物
主语 宾语 主语 宾语
which
主语 否 She is washing clothes which is dirty. 物 宾语 可 She is eating bread (which) I like.
主语 否 God help those who help themselves. 人 宾语 可 在非正式语体或口语中，一般用whom。 whom 人 宾语 可 The person (whom) I like is you. who
5. 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.
The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.
whose 作定语,表示所属关系。 The boy is my classmate.
The boy’s father is a policeman. The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.
whose father is a 3.Is there a student _________ business man? which we have lived 4.This is the house in ________ for 10 years. 5.I’ve never heard of the people and things ________ you talked about just now. that
（作主语）
The dog which/that was lost has been found. Practice: 1.This is the house___is for sale. 2. The book ____is lying on the floor is mine.
which / that 作宾语 ： （可省略） This is the card. I’ve just received the card.
3. The girl ___ is watering the flowers is my cousin.
who / whom / that 作宾语：( 可省略) The man is a famous writer. He described the man just now. The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. (作宾语） Practice:
This is the card (which / that ) I’ve just received.
Practice:
（作宾语）
1.This is the mistake ____ I always make.
2. I still keep the letters ___ she wrote to me. 3. I lost the pen ___ my father b 如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词,关系代词 应用 who, that (作主语或宾语) whom (作宾语)
who / that 作主语. (不能省) This is the film star. The film star is very popular in China. This is the film star who / that is very popular in China. (作主语) Practice: 1.The boy __ broke the window is called Roy. 2. Do you know the man ___helped us?
I’m reading a book that/which is about Bill _______________________________________ Gates. 2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese. He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese. _______________________________________ 3.I don’t like the man. The man is smoking. I don’t like the man who / that is smoking. ____________________________________ 4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week. Where is the picture that / which you bought last _______________________________________ week?
The person (
) I like is Jack.
He is the boy (whom) you just played with.
小结： • that－ 既可指人，也可指物，作主语， 不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。 • which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作 宾语，可以省略. • who－ 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语,
3. Is there anything ______ that I can do for you?
当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.
4.This is the first play ________ that I have seen since I came here.
The attributive Clause 定语从句
Step 1 Leading-in
A matching
game！！！
Match the two simple sentences to one difficult sentence:
1.I’m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates.
• 什么是定语从句呢？
--在复合句中，用来修饰前面某一名词或代词的 从句叫定语从句。如： I don’t like the man who / that is smoking. .什么是先行词呢？ --先行词就是被定语从句修饰的词。
The man ___ who lives next to us is a ______ _______________ 定语从句 先行词 关系词 policeman.
指物的which / that 作主语. (不能省)
This is a dream. The dream will never come true. This is a dream which/ that never come true. The dog has been found. The dog was lost.
The boy (whom) you play with is Tom.
只用 that , 不用 which的六种情况：
1. 当先行词是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody, nobody, everyone, no one ，those或被它们修饰时。 eg That’s all that I know. Is there anything that I can do for you? God help those who help themselves. He answered few questions that the teacher asked. 2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时
eg That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons. 3. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修 饰时。 That’s the only thing that I can do now. These are the very words that he used. 4. 当主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的 关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who. Who is the girl that spoke to you just now? Which is the pen that you lost ?
可以省略,（常用whom）
注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语 从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。 e.g. He is the man who gives us money.
关系 代词
指 成分 代
省 略
否 可 否 可
例句
Who is the man that is crying over there? The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jane. A plane is a machine that can fly. The bread (that ) I made were delicious.
当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句， 而先行词指人或物时，关系代词只能用 that.
关系副词： when/ where/why
when 作时间状语: When = 介词 + which
She will never forget the day.
She was married on that day. She will never forget the day when(on which) she was married. It was the year. The World War I broke out in the year. It was the year when (= in which) the World War I broke out.