第一部分导论从句的种类繁多。

根据对各类试卷进行综合分析，不外乎由三大类组成：一是名词性从句，包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、介词宾语从句、以及同位语从句；二是定语从句，包括限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句、割裂式定语从句、搭配式定语从句；三是状语从句，包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句以及伴随情况状语从句。

一、名词性从句(一)主语从句1. It has been pointed out __ their suggestions are reasonable to a certain dearA. whetherB. thatC. whatD. why选B. that 作引导词,引出主语从句,it形式主语.2.__ get rid of the force of friction is still a hard nut to us.A. How can weB. How we canC. Why should weD. Why we should选B.表示"我们该如何克服这种摩擦力仍然是个棘手的问题.3.__ men have learned much from heavier of animals is not new at all.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhichD. Whether选B,句中的much是宾语,所以不能选A4. How did it come about __ you made a lot of mistakes in your home wonk?A. whetherB. whatC. whyD. that选D,这里it 是形式主语,that 引导的是主主从句.5. __you were arguing about last night has been settled.A. ThatB. WhichC. ItD. What选D, what引导主语从句;同时,在从句中作about的宾语.(二) 表语从句1. The reason for his success is __he worked harder than you.B. forC. whyD. that选D, that 引导表语从句.2. The most valid argument for retaining the research unit is__ so many advances have been made in such a short time.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. as选B, that引导表语从句3. The crucial question is __ it is expensive or not.A. whatB. thatC. howD. whether选D. whether... or not 是固定用法.4. Things are not always__ they seem to be for appearances are often deceiving.A. thatB. whyC. whatD. whether选C, what在从句中作表语.(三) 宾语从句1. I can't remember__ drawer he keeps his money in.A. whoseB. whichC. thatD. howB. 表示"哪只抽屉"2. It's very important to make it clear __ agriculture is the foundation of the national economy.A. whetherB. thatC. whatD. why选B, it是形式宾语,that引导的是宾语从句.3. I told him__ he should do next.B. thatC. whatD. why选C,表示"他接下来该做什么"4. I'm wondering __ the bridge you mentioned just now is still under the construct ton.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. which选C.表示"我不知道你刚才提及的那座桥是否还未竣工.5. I do not know__ he came to disturb you at your work.A. thatB. whatC. whetherD. why选D,表示"我不知道他为什么来干扰你的工作.(四) 介词宾语从句1. Natural gas can be transported by pipelines to__ it is needed.A. whereB. howC. thatD. anywhere选A.表示"运往需要的地方".2. Because of air resistance, there is a limit to__ fast an object falls.A. whyB. whenC. thatD. how选D,表示"无论物体下落有多快都受到制约"3. A wise and experienced administrator will assign a job to __ is qualified.A. no matter whoB. whoeverC. whomeverD. who选B,表示"把工作分给任何一个够格的人".A只能引导让步状语从句.4. In marine biology a great debate continues about __ dolphins have an actual language or not.A. whetherB. thatC. ifD. which选A. that引导的名词性从句,作的宾语,有人把in that看成复合连词,表示"在于"5. Bill differs from his brother Jack in __ he is always the first to get up.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. whether选A. that 引导的名词性从句.用in 的宾语.有人把in that 看成复合连词.6. No one is sure__ damage the cosmic rays can do to a human being, but scientists feel that brief exposure is probably not very harmful.A. thatB. whatC. whetherD. which选B. is sure of 表示.of跟宾语从句时被省略.(五) 同位语从句1. The main difficulty lies in the fact __ we have nobody properly qualified for this work.A. whichB. thatC. asD. /选B.句中the fact 可以省略,变成介词宾语从句2. The news __he will take over his father's business does not surprise us at all.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. why选C. that 引导的是同位语从句,因为the news 一旦省略,句子也成立.名词从句就是新闻的具体内容.3.The order soon came __ all the soldiers should get ready for the night attack from the enemy.A. howB. whyC. whichD. that选D. that 在从句中不担任任何句子万分,被soon came 割裂开来,4. A group of Japanese land developers came to the conclusion __there was nowhere to go but down in Tokyo.A. thatB. whichC. howD. why选A. that 人句与the conclusion 同位.二定语从句(一) 限制性定主从句1. Experienced clerks may move to deponents __ more knowledge is required.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. while选A. department 表示"部门",指地方.2. I will never forget the ten years __ we both spent in the little village.A. whichB. whenC. whatD. that选A. years不是指"时间"而是"10年所经历的风风雨雨"3.All __ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A. what is neededB. which is neededC. that is neededD. who needs选C. that 被用来修饰all, much, none, anything, something, nothing 等词.4. The video industry is developing so rapidly that almost anything __ is recanted will be out of date.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what选A,这是一种固定用法,同上.5. I hope that the little__ I have been able to do does good to them all.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. as选A.在抽象名词后面一般用that引导定语从句,表示"我所能做的那点事对他们有益"6. One of the problems to be solved is that strain __ a person is subjected to when a spaceship leaves the ground.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. as选C.可以把to which .这里which 指strain.(二) 非限制性定语从句.1. A container weighs more after air is put in, __ proves that air has weight.A. asB. whichC. thatD. thus选限制性定主从句不能用that ,前面加逗号.表示"这证实了空气肯有重量.2. To make up an objective test, the teacher writes a series of questions, __ has only one correct answer.A. some of whichB. each of whichC. whichD. that选B.因为从然的动词是单数.3. A force can be shown by a straight fine,__ length represents the magnitude of the force.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. whose选C 表示"直线的长度.4.Jack wrote six novels, three of ___ were popular in China.A. thoseB. themC. thatD. which选D .which 指6本小说.5. He stayed with us last summer vacation, __ he helped us with our work.A. during which timeB. during the time whichC. which during the timeD. which time during选A. which 指summer vacation 状语翻译成"期间"6. We went to the industrial exhibition, __ we saw a great many new-type machines.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. what选C. where 相当于at which.7. __ is known to all, laser also finds wide application in surgery.A. ItB. WhichC. ThatD. As选D. as is known to all 是一种固定用法.表示"众所周各"(三) 割裂式定语从句1. In 1898 the Curies declared that they believed there was something in nature __gave not radiation.A. asB. whereC. thatD. which选C,定语从句修饰something,而不是nature2. With the advancement of technology, computers have come into the market __ pale of doing very complicated calculations at leapt speed.A. that they areB. that isC. where they areD. which are选D,定语从句修饰computers,而不是market3. Nothing should be done in a hum's__ can be done slowly.A. weirB. thatC. whereD. which选B 定语从句修饰nothing 而不是hurry4. The very successes of physics and chemistry make biology preset the key problems of the whole of natural science, __ more cordoned efforts.A. which call forB. which calls forC. that call forD. what calls for选A 定语从句修饰problems ,而不是science四搭配定语从句1. He answered with the same simplicity __ he asked.A. thatB. whichC. asD. after选C the same.. as 是个固定搭配.表示"他回答得像提问一样的简单.2. Old equipment had not only such large components __vacuum tubes, but also the wires which jointed the parts together.A. asB. thatC. whichD. what选A. such.., as 也是一个固定的搭配表示"像真空管一样的大型元器件.3. __ is shown in his paper, materials expand and orate with the immense and de crease of temperature.A. ThatB. WhichC. AsD. After选C 如果放在主句之后,用which;而放在前面则用as.这是一种固定的搭配.4. Air moves from __the pressure is high to where the pressure is low.A. whereB. whatC. thatD. which选A 前后注意搭配. where 引导名词从句.三状语从句.(--) 时间状语从句1. I had scarcely left the house__ it began to min.A. thanB. whenC. beforeD. after选B. scarcely.., when 与no sooner.., than, hardly.., when 相同,表示"........."2. __he retires, Professor Baker will have taught English in our university for almost forty years.A. By the timeB. As soon asC. The momentD. The second time选A.表示"到.....时候".这类复合连词. 除了4个选项外,还有the instant ,every time等等.3. We all consider it necessary that the instrument must be adjusted __ it is used. A. whenB. the momentC. each timeD. as选C.表示"每次使用时"4. __ we are speaking of power, time is of cause taken into account.A. WhenB. AsC. WhileD. Each it选A. when引导的时间状语可以发生在主然动作之前,也可以之后.as表示"随着.....而" while 表示'一边....一边"而each time表示"每当,每次" 这类连词还whenever表示"无论何时".since 表示"自从....以来",after表示"在....之后"before表示"在....之前".until与before词义相同,而not until 则与after 相近。